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Early development of two Capitella species (Annelida: Capitellidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2019

Nuria Méndez Open the ORCID record for Nuria Méndez [Opens in a new window] ,
Justin Hilliard  and
Anja Schulze
Nuria Méndez*
Affiliation:
Unidad Académica Mazatlán. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, México
Justin Hilliard
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston Campus, Galveston, USA
Anja Schulze
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston Campus, Galveston, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Nuria Méndez, E-mail: nuri@ola.icmyl.unam.mx
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Abstract

Early development of the polychaetes Capitella sp. TF from Tampa, Florida and Capitella sp. TV from Tamiahua Lagoon, Veracruz was studied under laboratory conditions. Our observations indicate that hermaphrodites occur in Capitella sp. TF, but not in Capitella sp. TV. Length and volume of larvae and early juveniles were measured daily. Both species appear to have lecithotrophic development. Sizes and duration of the developmental stages varied widely, as in most known species of Capitella. Characteristic features of Capitella sp. TF include very small hermaphrodites with a distinct dorsal pigmentation pattern and characteristically shaped brood tubes with a centrally thickened region. Embryos forced to abandon the brood did not survive more than 3 days, and handling the brood produced alterations in timing. Ciliated metatrochophores from Capitella sp. TV survived inside the brood without the female for at least 14 days and some larvae hatched and died during settling. Some of these larvae were abnormal, with two rounded protuberances in the two ends. Mortality was high. Fungi and protozoans appeared in the dishes and probably partially induced the production of thicker mucus in the brood tubes, delay in metamorphosis, juvenile mortality, worm length and failure in coupling. Size and duration of the developmental stages were distinctly different from the other putative lecithotrophic species of the complex. These differences and other characteristics of each species discard the possibility that they belong to a previously described species. Our results are applicable to future ecological, morphological and molecular studies of each species, habitat and phylogenetics.

Keywords

AnnelidaCapitella capitatadevelopmentjuvenileslarvaemetatrochophorespolychaetereproductionsibling speciestrochophores
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 99 , Issue 7 , November 2019 , pp. 1557 - 1568
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2019 

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