Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-29T23:02:44.125Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development and fecundity of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2011

A. Tamiru ,
E. Getu ,
B. Jembere  and
T. Bruce
A. Tamiru*
Affiliation:
International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
E. Getu
Affiliation:
Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology, PO Box 33244, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
B. Jembere
Affiliation:
Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology, PO Box 33244, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
T. Bruce
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management, Department of Biological Chemistry, Harpenden, Herts AL52JQ, UK
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +254 20 863 2001/2 E-mail: atamiru@icipe.org
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most important insect pests attacking maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Recent studies have indicated that the pest is spreading to new locations where it was not reported before. In the current study, laboratory investigations were carried out to determine the combined effect of different levels of relative humidity and temperature regimes on the development and fecundity of C. partellus, as these physical factors are known to play an important role in the life cycle of insects and adaptability to local climate. Developmental time, longevity, potential fecundity and realized fecundity of C. partellus were measured under controlled conditions. Three temperature regimes (22°C, 26°C and 30°C) and three relative humidity levels (40%, 60% and 80%) were tested. It was found that temperature, relative humidity (RH) and their interaction significantly affected the developmental time, adult longevity, potential fecundity and realized fecundity of the pest. Developmental time was inversely related to temperature. Mean duration of C. partellus life cycle was 70.2 days at 22°C and 80% RH, whereas it took only 26.5 days to complete its life cycle at 30°C and 40% RH. Male and female longevity were similar in most cases. The adult life span ranged between 6.9–11.1 days at 22°C and 3.1–7.2 days at 30°C for different levels of relative humidity. The most suitable conditions for C. partellus development and fecundity were 26–30°C temperatures regimes and 60–80% RH levels.

Keywords

Chilo partellusdevelopmental timefecunditylongevitytemperaturerelative humidityinteractive effect
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 102 , Issue 1 , February 2012 , pp. 9 - 15
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Getu, E.D. (2007) Comparative studies of the influence of relative humidity and temperature on the longevity and fecundity of the parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes. Journal of Insect Science 19, 1536–2442.Google Scholar
Getu, E.D. & Abate, T. (1999) Management of maize stemborer using sowing dates at Arsi Negele. Pest Management Journal of Ethiopia 3, 47–52.Google Scholar
Getu, E.D., Overholt, W.A. & Kairu, E. (2001) Distribution and species composition of stemborers and their natural enemies in maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Insect Science and its Application 21, 353–360.Google Scholar
Getu, E.D., Overholt, W.A. & Kairu, E. (2003) Comparative studies on the influence of relative humidity and temperature on the development time of two populations of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron). Ethiopian Journal Biological Science 2, 49–60.Google Scholar
Godfrey, L.D. & Holtzer, T.O. (1991) Influence of temperature and humidity on European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) egg hatchability. Environmental Entomology 20(1), 8–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomez, A.K. & Gomez, A.A. (1984) Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. New York, USA, John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Guglielomone, A.A. (1992) The effect of temperature and humidity on development and longevity of Amblyomma triguttatum (Acarina: Ixodidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research. 82, 203–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, K.M. (1990) Bioecology of Chilo species. Insect Science and its Application 11, 467–477.Google Scholar
Ivanovic, J. & Nenadovic, V. (1999) The effect of diet and temperature on the life cycle of phytophagous insects. Pesticides 14, 309–327.Google Scholar
Johnston, I.A. & Bennett, A.F. (1996) Animal and Temperature: Phenotypic and Evolutionary Adaptation. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kfir, R. (1997) Natural control of the cereal stemborers Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus in South Africa. Insect Science and its Application 17, 61–67.Google Scholar
Kfir, R. (1998) Maize and grain sorghum: South Africa. pp. 29–39in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African Cereal Stemborers: Economic Importance, Taxonomy, Natural Enemies and Control. Wageningen, Netherlands, CAB International.Google Scholar
Kfir, R. (2001) Prospects for biological control of Chilo partellus in South Africa. Insect Science and its Application 21, 275–280.Google Scholar
Khan, Z.R., Chilishwa, P., Ampong-Nyarko, K., Smart, L.E., Polaszek, A., Wandera, J. & Mulaa, M.A. (1997) Utilization of wild gramineous plants for the management of cereal stemborers in Africa. Insect Science and its Application 17, 143–150.Google Scholar
Levesque, K.R., Fortin, M. & Mauffette, Y. (2002) Temperature and food quality effects on growth, consumption and post-ingestive utilization efficiencies of the forest tent caterpillar Malacosoma disstria (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 92, 127–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mbapila, J.C. (1997) Comparative adaptation of C. flavipes Cameron and C. sesamia (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to C. partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on the Kenya coast. PhD thesis, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Google Scholar
Mbapila, J.C., Overholt, W.A. & Kayumbo, H.Y. (2002) Comparative development and population growth of an exotic stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), and an ecologically similar congener, C. orichalociliellus (Strand) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Insect Science and its Application 22, 21–27.Google Scholar
Muegge, M.A. & Lambdin, P.L. (1989) Longevity and fecundity of Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a primary parasitoid of Coccus hesperidum (Homoptera: Coccidae). Journal of Agricultural Entomology 6, 169–174.Google Scholar
Nye, I.W.R. (1960) The insect pests of graminaceous crops in East Africa. Colonial Research Studies 31, 1–48.Google Scholar
Odum, E.P. (1983) Basic Ecology. Tokyo, Japan, Holt-Saunders International Edition.Google Scholar
Ofomata, V.C., Overholt, W.A., Lux, S.A., Van Huis, A. & Egwuatu, R.I. (2000) Comparative studies on the fecundity, egg survival, larval feeding, and development of Chilo partellus and Chilo orinchalociliellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on five grasses. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93, 492–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Omkar, & Pervez, A. (2004) Temperature-dependent development and immature survival of an aphidophagous ladybeetle, Propylea dissecta (Mulsant). Journal of Applied Entomology 128, 510–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ong'amo, G.O., Le Rü, B.P., Dupas, S., Moyal, P., Calatayud, P.A. & Silvain, J.F. (2006) Distribution, pest status and agro-climatic preferences of lepidopteran stem borers of maize in Kenya. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 42, 171–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ouedraogo, P.A., Sou, S., Sanon, A., Monge, J.P., Huignard, J., Tran, B. & Credland, P.F. (1996) Influence of temperature and humidity on populations of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Pteromalidae) in two climatic zones of Burkina Faso. Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, 695–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overholt, W.A., Ogedah, K. & Lammers, P.M. (1994) Distribution and sampling of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in maize and sorghum at the Kenya Coast. Bulletin of Entomological Research 84, 367–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overholt, W.A., Ngi-Song, A.J., Omwega, C.O., Kimani-Njogu, S.W., Mbapila, J., Sallam, M.N. & Ofomata, V. (1997) A review of the introduction and establishment of Cotesia flavipes Cameron in East Africa for the biological control of cereal stemborers. Insect Science and its Application 17, 79–88.Google Scholar
Polaszek, A. (1998) African Cereal Stem Borers: Economic Importance, Taxonomy, Natural Enemies and Control. Wallingford, UK, CAB International.Google Scholar
Ponsonby, D.J. & Copland, M.J.W. (1996) Effect of temperature on development and immature survival in the scale insect predator, Chilocorus nigritus (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potting, R. (1996) Hunting for the hiding hosts: The behavioral ecology of stemborers parasitoid C. flavipes. PhD thesis, Wageningen, Netherlands, Wageningen Agricultural University.Google Scholar
Rahim, A., Hashmi, A. & Khan, N.A. (1991) Effects of temperature and relative humidity on longevity and development of Ooencyrtus papilionis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasite of the Sugarcane Pest, Pyrilla perpusilla Walker (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Environmental Entomology 20, 774–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute (2002–2008) SAS (r) Proprietary Software 9.2 (TS2M0). Cary, NC, USA, SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K.V. (1983) Sorghum stemborers in eastern Africa. Insect Science and its Application 4, 33–39.Google Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K.V. (1998) Maize and sorghum in east Africa. pp. 25–27in Polaszek, A. (Ed.) African Cereal Stemborers: Economic Importance, Taxonomy, Natural Enemies and Control. Wageningen, Netherlands, CAB International.Google Scholar
Sithole, S.Z. (1987) The effect of date of planting on shoot fly and stemborer infestations on sorghum. pp. 174–183 in Proceedings of the Third Regional Workshop on Sorghum and Millets for Southern Africa. 6–10 October 1986. Lusaka.Google Scholar
Sithole, S.Z. (1990) Distribution and economic importance of sorghum stemborer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in southern Africa. Insect Science and its Application 11, 481–488.Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. (1978) Ecological Methods. New York, USA, Wiley.Google Scholar
Srivastava, S. & Omkar, (2003) Influence of temperature on certain biological attributes of a ladybeetle Coccinella septumpunctata Linnaeus. Entomologia Sinica 10, 185–193.Google Scholar
Tams, W.H.T. (1932) New species of African Heterocera. Entomologist 65, 1241–1249.Google Scholar
Tamiru, A., Getu, E.D. & Jembere, B. (2007) Role of some ecological factors for an altitudinal expansion of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 30, 71–76.Google Scholar
Van Hamburg, H. (1979) The grain sorghum stalkborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): seasonal changes in adult populations in grain sorghum in Transvaal. Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa 42, 1–9.Google Scholar
Wilson, K.G., Stinner, R.E. & Rabb, R.L. (1982) Effect of temperature, relative humidity and host plant on larval survival of the Mexican Been Beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant. Environmental Entomology 11, 121–126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadav, R.P. & Chaudhary, J.P. (1986) Effect of temperature and relative humidity on longevity and development of the parasitoid, Tetrastichus pyrillae Crawford (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Insect Science and its Application 8, 39–41.Google Scholar
Warui, C.M. & Kuria, J.N. (1983) Population incidence and the control of maize stalk borers Chilo partellus (Swinh.) and Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand) and Sesamia calamistis (Hmps.) in Coast Province, Kenya. Insect Science and its Application 4, 11–18.Google Scholar
Zulfiqar, M.A., Sabri, M.A., Raza, M.A., Amir Hamza, A., Hayat, A. & Khan, A. (2010) Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the population dynamics of some insect pests of maize. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Science 8, 16–18.Google Scholar