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Optimization of breeding output for larval stage of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae): prospects for the creation and maintenance of laboratory colony from wild isolates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2011

T. Tchuinkam ,
M. Mpoame ,
B. Make-Mveinhya ,
F. Simard ,
E. Lélé-Defo ,
S. Zébazé-Togouet ,
A. Tateng-Ngouateu ,
H.-P. Awono-Ambéné ,
C. Antonio-Nkondjio  and
T. Njiné
...Show all authors
T. Tchuinkam*
Affiliation:
Malaria Research Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (MRU-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PO Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), PO Box 288 Yaounde, Cameroon
M. Mpoame
Affiliation:
Malaria Research Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (MRU-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PO Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon
B. Make-Mveinhya
Affiliation:
Malaria Research Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (MRU-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PO Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon
F. Simard
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), PO Box 288 Yaounde, Cameroon Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles (LIN-UR 016), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
E. Lélé-Defo
Affiliation:
Malaria Research Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (MRU-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PO Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon
S. Zébazé-Togouet
Affiliation:
Hydrobiology laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon
A. Tateng-Ngouateu
Affiliation:
Malaria Research Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (MRU-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PO Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon
H.-P. Awono-Ambéné
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), PO Box 288 Yaounde, Cameroon
C. Antonio-Nkondjio
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), PO Box 288 Yaounde, Cameroon
T. Njiné
Affiliation:
Hydrobiology laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon
D. Fontenille
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles (LIN-UR 016), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +237 22 23 00 61 E-mail: timtchuinkam@yahoo.fr
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Abstract

Domesticating anopheline species from wild isolates provides an important laboratory tool but requires detailed knowledge of their natural biology and ecology, especially the natural breeding habitats of immature stages. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal values of some parameters of Anopheles gambiae larval development, so as to design a standard rearing protocol of highland isolates, which would ensure: the biggest fourth instars, the highest pupae productivity, the shortest duration of the larval stage and the best synchronization of pupation. The density of larvae, the size of breeding water and the quantity of food supplied were tested for their effect on larval growth. Moreover, three cheap foodstuffs were selected and tested for their capability to improve the breeding yield versus TetraMin® as the standard control. The larval density was a very sensitive parameter. Its optimal value, which was found to be ≈1 cm−2 surface area, yielded a daily pupation peak of 38.7% on day 8 post-oviposition, and a global pupae productivity of 78.7% over a duration range of three days. Anopheles gambiae's larval growth, survival and developmental synchronization were density-dependent, and this species responded to overcrowding by producing smaller fourth instars and fewer pupae, over elongated immature lifetime and duration range of pupae occurrence, as a consequence of intraspecific competition. While shallow breeding waters (<3 cm) produced a higher number of pupae than deeper ones, no effect of the breeding habitat's absolute surface area on larval development was observed. Increasing the daily food supply improved the pupae productivity but also boosted the water pollution level (which was assessed by the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD)) up to a limit depending on the food quality, above which a rapid increase in larval mortality was recorded. The food quality that could substitute the manufactured baby fish food was obtained with weighed mixture of 1 wheat+1 shrimp+2 fish. On establishing an anopheline mosquito colony in the laboratory, special care should be taken to design and maintain the appropriate optimal values of larval density, water depth, daily diet quantity and nutritional quality.

Keywords

insectarybreeding habitatwater pollutionintraspecific competitionbiological oxygen demand (BOD)chemical oxygen demand (COD)TetraMin®
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 101 , Issue 3 , June 2011 , pp. 259 - 269
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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