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Predictors of depression relapse and recurrence after cognitive behavioural therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2019

Caroline Wojnarowski ,
Nick Firth ,
Megan Finegan  and
Jaime Delgadillo
Caroline Wojnarowski*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Nick Firth
Affiliation:
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UKxs
Megan Finegan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Jaime Delgadillo
Affiliation:
Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: caroline.wojnarowski@nhs.net
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Abstract

Background:

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective psychological treatment for major depressive disorder, although some patients experience a return of symptoms after finishing therapy. The ability to predict which individuals are more vulnerable to deterioration would allow for targeted interventions to prevent short-term relapse and longer-term recurrence.

Aim:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of relapse and/or recurrence (RR) after CBT for depression.

Method:

We reviewed 13 relevant papers, of which a small set of unique samples were eligible for meta-analysis (k = 5, N = 369). Twenty-six predictor variables were identified and grouped into seven categories: residual depressive symptoms; prior episodes of depression; cognitive reactivity; stressful life events; personality factors; clinical and diagnostic factors; demographics.

Results:

Meta-analyses indicated that residual depressive symptoms (r = 0.34 [0.10, 0.54], p = .01) and prior episodes (r = 0.19 [0.07, 0.30], p = .002) were statistically significant predictors of RR, but cognitive reactivity was not (r = 0.18 [−0.02, 0.36], p = .08). Other variables lacked replicated findings. On average, 33.4% of patients experienced RR after CBT.

Conclusions:

Patients with the above risk factors could be offered evidence-based continuation-phase interventions to enhance the longer-term effectiveness of CBT.

Keywords

cognitive behavioural therapyCBTdepressionrecurrencerelapse
Type
Main
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , September 2019 , pp. 514 - 529
Copyright
© British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2019 

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