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A person-centered approach to studying associations between psychosocial vulnerability factors and adolescent depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in a Canadian longitudinal sample

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2020

Lalou Tisseyre Open the ORCID record for Lalou Tisseyre [Opens in a new window] ,
Eric Lacourse ,
Réal Labelle ,
Stéphane Paquin  and
Catherine M. Herba
Lalou Tisseyre
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada
Eric Lacourse
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
Réal Labelle*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, QC, Canada
Stéphane Paquin
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, QC, Canada
Catherine M. Herba
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Réal Labelle, Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; E-mail: labelle.real@uqam.ca.
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Abstract

This study used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of adolescents who are at risk for depression and suicidal ideation. Latent class analysis was first applied to 1,290 adolescents from a Canadian cohort study in order to identify latent vulnerability subtypes based on 18 psychosocial vulnerability factors. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to study the associations between class membership and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation 2 years later. The moderating role of sex in the associations between latent classes and depressive symptoms was explored. Five latent classes were identified: Low Vulnerability (42%), Substance Use Only (13%), Moderate Vulnerability (28%), Conduct Problems (8%) and High Vulnerability (9%). Compared with the Low Vulnerability class, the probabilities of presenting depressive symptoms were higher for the Substance Use Only class, OR = 1.93, 95% CI [1.21, 3.06], the Moderate Vulnerability class, OR = 2.96, 95% CI [2.09, 4.20], the Conduct Problems class, OR = 3.03, 95% CI [1.84, 4.98], and the High Vulnerability class, OR = 5.4, 95% CI [3.42, 8.53]. Furthermore, interaction effects with sex were identified in relation to depressive symptoms only. The probability of presenting suicidal ideation was higher only for the High Vulnerability class, OR = 4.51, 95% CI [2.41, 8.43]. This study highlights the importance of a person-centered perspective that considers both vulnerability subtypes and sex because these associations are complex rather than linear or additive.

Keywords

adolescencedepressionrisk factorssex differencessuicidal behavior
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 351 - 362
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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Footnotes

*

Second authorship is shared by Eric Lacourse and Réal Labelle. Eric Lacourse, Réal Labelle, and Catherine M. Herba were all senior investigators for this study. The analyses presented in this paper were conducted at the Quebec Interuniversity Centre for Social Statistics (QICSS), which is part of the Canadian Research Data Centre Network (CRDCN).

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