Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-04T19:36:18.935Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Impact of Alien Plants on Grant Basin Rangelands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

James A. Young  and
William S. Longland
James A. Young
Affiliation:
USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512
William S. Longland
Affiliation:
USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Our purpose is to discuss the impact of alien plants on rangeland ecosystems of the Great Basin in terms of their effects on biological functions. The sagebrush/bunchgrass ranges of western North America are used as a model ecosystem for the impact of alien plants. Alien weed species have been introduced in successive waves, with the success of each new introduction dependent on how well adapted to the environment and how competitive the new weed is with those previously introduced. Annual species have been successful across extensive areas of Great Basin rangelands. Biennial and short- and long-lived perennial introductions have been restricted to much more specific habitats. Alien plants impact rangelands through stand renewal and successional processes. Alien weeds can cause such processes to be accelerated and/or truncated depending on the species and range site.

Keywords

Successiongranivoresinvasive plantsbig sagebrushArtemisia tridentataARTTR
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , June 1996 , pp. 384 - 391
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Allard, R. W., 1965. Genetic systems associated with colonizing ability in predominantly self-pollinated species. p. 50–76 in Baker, H. G. and Stebbins, G. L. Jr., eds. The Genetics of Colonizing Species. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
2. Axelrod, D. I., 1950. Evolution of Desert Vegetation in Western North America. Publ. 590. Carnegie Inst., Washington, D.C. 364 p.Google Scholar
3. Bunting, S. C., 1985. Fire in sagebrush-grass ecosystems: successional change. p. 7–12 in Sanders, K., and Durham, J., eds. Rangeland Fire Effects: A Symp. USDI, Bureau Land Manage., Boise, ID.Google Scholar
4. Evans, R. A., and Young, J. A. 1970. Plant litter and establishment of alien annual species in rangeland communities. Weed Sci. 18:697–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Evans, R. A., and Young, J. A. 1972. Microsite requirements for establishment of annual rangeland weeds. Weed Sci. 20:350–356.Google Scholar
6. Evans, R. A., Young, J. A., and Hawkes, R. B. 1979. Germination characteristics of Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus) and slenderflower thistle (Carduus tenuflorus). Weed Sci. 27:372–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Evans, R. A., Eckert, R. E. Jr., Kay, B. L., and Young, J. A. 1969. Downy brome control by soil-active herbicides for revegetation of rangelands. Weed Sci. 17:166–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Evans, R. A., Holbo, H. O., Eckert, R. E. Jr., and Young, J. A. 1970. Functional environment of downy brome communities in relation to weed control and revegetation. Weed Sci. 18:89–97.Google Scholar
9. Grey, W. E., Quimby, P. C. Jr., Mahre, D. E., and Young, J. A. 1995. Potential for biological control of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) with crown and root rot fungi. Weed Technol. 9:360–365.Google Scholar
10. Huffaker, C. B., 1957. Fundamentals of biological control of weeds. Hilgardia 27:101–157.Google Scholar
11. LaTourrette, J. E., Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1971. Seed dispersal in relation to rodent activities in seral big sagebrush sites. J. Range Manage. 24:118–120.Google Scholar
12. Longland, W. S., 1994. Seed use by desert granivores. p. 233–237 in Monsen, S. B. and Kitchen, S. G., eds. Proc. Symp. Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands, Gen. Tech. Report 313, USDA, Forest Service, Ogden. UT.Google Scholar
13. Longland, W. S., 1995. Desert rodents in disturbed shrub communities and their effect on plant recruitment. p. 209–215 in Roundy, B. A., McArthur, E. D., Haley, J. S., and Mann, D. K., eds. Proc. Symp. on Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration. Gen. Tech. Report 315, USDA, Forest Service, Ogden, UT.Google Scholar
14. Mack, R. N., 1981. Invasion of Bromus tectorum into western North America: an ecological chronicle. Agro-Ecosystems 7:145–165.Google Scholar
15. Mayer, A. M., and Poljakoff-Mayber, A. 1989. The Germination of Seeds, 4th ed. Pergamon Press, New York, NY. p. 73–74.Google Scholar
16. McAdoo, J. K., Evans, C. C., Roundy, B. A., Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1983. Influence of heteromyid rodents on Oryzopsis hymenodies germination. J. Range Manage. 36:61–64.Google Scholar
17. McKell, C. M., Robison, J. P., and Major, J. 1962. Ecotypic variation in medusahead, an introduced annual grass. Ecology 43:686–698.Google Scholar
18. Nowak, C. L., Nowak, R. S., Tausch, R. J., and Wigand, P. E. 1994. Tree and shrub dynamics in Northwestern Great Basin woodland and shrub steppe during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Am. J. Bot. 81:265–277.Google Scholar
19. Piemeisel, R. L., 1951. Causes affecting change and role of change in a vegetation of annuals in Idaho. Ecology 32:53–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Robertson, J. H., and Pearse, C. K. 1945. Range reseeding and the closed community, Northwest. Sci. 19:58–66.Google Scholar
21. Roche, B. F. Jr., and Roche, C. T. 1984. Identification, introduction, distribution, ecology, and economics of Centaurea species. p. 264–274 in James, L. F., Evans, J. O., Ralphs, M. H., and Child, R. D., eds. Noxious Range Weeds. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.Google Scholar
22. Russell, I. C., 1889. Quaternary history of Mono Valley, California. p. 261–394 in 8th Annual Report, U.S. Geol. Survey, GPO, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
23. Stebbins, G. L. Jr., 1957. Self-fertilization and population variability in the higher plants. Am. Natur. 91:337–354.Google Scholar
24. Stutz, H. C., Melby, J. M., and Gordon, G. K. 1975. Evolutionary studies of Atriplex: A relic gigas diploid formation of Atriplex canescens . Am. J. Bot. 62:236–245.Google Scholar
25. Trent, J. D., Young, J. A., and Blank, R. R. 1994. Potential role of soil microorganisms in medusahead invasion. p. 140–142 in Monsen, S. B. and Kitchen, S. G., eds. Proc. Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands. Gen. Tech. Report 313. USDA, Forest, Ogden, UT.Google Scholar
26. Vander Wall, S. B., 1990. Food Hoarding in Animals. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 241 p.Google Scholar
27. Walter, H., and Box, E. O. 1983. The deserts of Central Asia. p. 194–236 in West, N. E., ed. Temperate Deserts and Semi-Deserts. Vol. 5. Ecosystems of the World. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
28. West, N. E., 1983. Western Intermountain steppe. p. 351–374 in West, N. E., ed. Temperate Desert and Semi-deserts. Vol. 5. Ecosystems of the World. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
29. Winward, A. H., 1985. Fire in the sagebrush-grass ecosystem-the ecological setting. p. 2–7 in Sanders, K. and Durham, J., ed. Rangeland Fire Effects: A Symp., USDA, Bureau Land Manage., Boise, ID.Google Scholar
30. Wright, H. A., 1985. The effect of fire on grasses and forbs in sagebrush-grass communities. p. 12–21 in Sanders, K. and Durham, J., ed. Rangeland Fires Effects: A. Symp. USDI, Bureau Land Manage., Boise, ID.Google Scholar
31. Young, J. A., 1992. Ecology and management of medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae ssp. asperum [Simk.] Melderis). Great Basin Nat. 52:245–252.Google Scholar
32. Young, J. A., Blank, R. R., Longland, W. L., and Palmquist, D. E. 1994. Seeding Indian ricegrass in arid environments in the Great Basin. J. Range Manage. 47:2–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33. Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1972. Germination and establishment of Salsola in relation to seedbed environment. Part I. Temperature, afterripening, and moisture relations of Salsola seeds as determined by laboratory studies. Agron. J. 64:214–218.Google Scholar
34. Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1974. Population dynamics of green rabbit-brush in disturbed sagebrush communities. J. Range Manage. 27:127–132.Google Scholar
35. Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1975. Germinability of seed reserves in a big sagebrush community. Weed Sci. 23:358–364.Google Scholar
36. Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1976. Response of weed populations to human manipulations of the natural environment. Weed Sci. 24:186–190.Google Scholar
37. Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1979. Barbwire Russian thistle seed germination. J. Range Manage. 32:390–394.Google Scholar
38. Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1981. Demography and fire history of a western juniper stand. J. Range Manage. 34:501–506.Google Scholar
39. Young, J. A., and Evans, R. A. 1986. Demography of Bromus tectorum in Artemisia communities. p. 489–502 in White, J., ed. Population Structure of Vegetation. Dr. W. Junk Publ. Dordecht.Google Scholar
40. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., and Eckert, R. E. Jr., 1968. Germination of medusahead in response to temperature and afterripening. Weed Sci. 16:92–95.Google Scholar
41. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., and Eckert, R. E. Jr., 1969. Population dynamics of downy brome. Weed Sci. 17:20–26.Google Scholar
42. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., Gifford, R. O., and Eckert, R. E. Jr., 1970. Germination characteristics of three species of Cruciferae. Weed Sci. 18:41–48.Google Scholar
43. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., and Kay, B. L. 1973. Temperature requirements for germination in an annual-type rangeland community. Agron. J. 65:656–659.Google Scholar
44. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., and Major, J. 1972. Alien plants in the Great Basin. J. Range Manage. 25:194–201.Google Scholar
45. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., and Palmquist, D. E. 1989. Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) seed production. Weed Sci. 37:47–53.Google Scholar
46. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., Raguse, C. A., and Larson, J. R. 1981. Germinable seeds and periodicity of germination in annual grasslands. Hilgardia 49:1–37.Google Scholar
47. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., and Roundy, B. A. 1983. Quantity and germinability of Oryzopysis hymenoides seeds in Lahontan sands. J. Range Manage. 36:82–86.Google Scholar
48. Young, J. A., Martens, E., and West, N. E. 1992. Germination of bur buttercup seeds. J. Range Manage. 45:358–362.Google Scholar
49. Young, J. A., Martinilli, P. C., Eckert, R. E. Jr., and Evans, R. A. 1994. Halogeton. Univ. Nevada Press, Reno, NV. 364 p.Google Scholar
50. Young, J. A., and Sparks, B. A. 1985. Cattle in the Cold Desert. University Press, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT. 362 p.Google Scholar