¹ Gorbachev, , Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World (1987).Google Scholar And see Hazard, , “The Gorbachev Era in the USSR: The Best and Worst of Times,” 15 Syracuse J. Int’l L. & Comm. 1 (1988).Google Scholar

² As to Tunkin, , see the present author’s study, “Contemporary Soviet General Theory of International Law: Reflections on the Tunkin Era,” 25 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 187 (1987).Google Scholar More generally, consult the author’s “Peaceful Coexistence” and Soviet-Western International Law (1964), and The International Law of Détente (1978). See also Quigley, 82 Am. J. Int’l L. 788 (1988).

³ Sovetskii Ezhegodnik Mezhdunarodnogo Prava, 1986 (1987).

⁴ Tunkin, , “Sozdanie vseobemliushchei sistemi mezhdunarodnoi bezopasnosti i mezhdunarodnoe pravo,” ibid., 11.Google Scholar

⁵ Miullerson, , “Stanovlenie i razvitie sotsialisticheskoi doktrini mezhdunarodnogo prava. K 80-letiu G. I. Tunkina,” ibid., 107.Google Scholar

⁶ Vereshchetin, and Miullerson, , “Novoe mishlenie i mezhdunarodnoe pravo,” Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo i Pravo, 1988 (no. 3), at 3.Google Scholar

⁷ Ibid., 4.

⁸ Ibid., 4–5.

⁹ Ibid., 5.

¹⁰ Ibid., 6.

¹¹ Ibid., 7.

¹² Ibid.

¹³ Ibid., 8.

¹⁴ Ibid., 9.

¹⁵ Ibid.

¹⁶ Tunkin, , in Völkerrecht und rechtsphilosophie: Internationale Festschrift für Stephan Verosta zum 70. Geburtstag, Fischer, , Köck, , Verdross, , editors, (1980) at 67, 70.Google Scholar See also Tunkin, , Pravo i stia ν mezhdunarodnoi sisteme (1983, English translation 1985), at 180 et seq., esp. at 188–89.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Falk, , The Status of Law in International Society 47–48 (1970).Google Scholar

¹⁸ Miullerson, , “Sources of International Law: New Tendencies in Soviet Thinking,” 83 Am. J. Int’l L. 494, 497–8 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁹ Ibid., 495–96.

²⁰ Kelsen, , The Communist Theory of Law 193 (1955).Google Scholar

²¹ Cited in Miullerson, supra note 18, at 494.

²² Ibid., and see generally McWhinney, , “Ot ‘Klassicheskogo’ meghdunarodnogo pravo sovremennom,” Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo i Pravo, 1989 (no. 6), at 77.Google Scholar

²³ See the impeccably researched historical essay by Starodubtsev, “Problemi mirnikh sredstv razreshenia mezhdunarodnikh sporov ν trudakh russkikh dorevoliutsion-nikh uchenikh,” Sovetshii Ezhegodnik Mezhdunarodnogo Prava, 1987, at 260 (1988).

²⁴ Tunkin, , Sovetskii Ezhegodnik Mezhdunarodnogo Prava, 1958, at 15 (1959);Google Scholar Tunkin, , 95 Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de la Haye 23 (1958).Google Scholar

²⁵ Tunkin, 147 Recueil des Cours … , 1, 124 et seq. (1975); Tunkin, op. cit. supra note 16, at 67, 69–70.

²⁶ Tunkin, , in Völkerrecht und Rechtsphilosophie 67 at 69, 73.Google Scholar

²⁷ Miullerson, supra note 18, at 494.

²⁸ Ibid., 502.

²⁹ Danilenko, , Obichai ν sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave (1988).Google Scholar

³⁰ North Sea Continental Shelf, Judgment, [1969] ICJ Rep. 3, 228–29 (Lachs, J., Dissenting Opinion).

³¹ Miullerson, supra note 18, at 508.

³² Ibid., 509 et seq.

³³ Starodubtsev, supra note 23, at 260.

³⁴ Miullerson, , “Reshenie mezhdunarodnogo suda po delu Nikaragua protiv SSHA i mezhdunarodnoe pravo,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik … , 1987, at 36 (1988).Google Scholar

³⁵ Osintsev, , “Uregulirovanie spora o morskoi granitse mezhdu SSHA i Kanadoi i razvitie prava delimitatsii morskikh prostranstv,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik …, 1986, at 198 (1987).Google Scholar

³⁶ Tumanov, , “Sudebnii kontrol za konstitutsionnostiu normativnikh aktov,” Sovets-koe Gosudarstvo i Pravo, 1988 (no. 3), at 10.Google Scholar

³⁷ Vyshinsky, , The Law of the Soviet State (1938),Google Scholar (English translation, Babb, 1954).

³⁸ Danilenko, , Obichai ν sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave (1988);Google Scholar and see also Danilenko, , “Protsess sozdaninla obichnikh norm v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik.…, 1982, at 151 (1983).Google Scholar

³⁹ Lukashuk, , Istochniki mezhdunarodnogo prava (1966).Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Lukashuk, , “The Principle Pacta sunt servanda and the Nature of Obligation under International Law,” 83 Am. J. Int’l L. 513 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴¹ Letter from Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Secretary-General, United Nations, dated Feb. 28, 1989, published (in translation) in 83 Am. J. Int’l L. 457 (1989).

⁴² As to the Moscow (Brezhnev) Doctrine and the special legal justifications thereof advanced at the time by Soviet jurists, see the present author’s The International Law of Détente 116 et seq. (1978).

⁴³ English-language translation issued by TASS (Moscow); republished in the New York Times, Dec. 5, 1989.

⁴⁴ Discusseci in Nagendra Singh and McWhinney, , Nuclear Weapons and Contemporary International Law 283 et seq. (1989).Google Scholar

⁴⁵ In more detail, see Vereshchetin, , “Sovetskie mirnie initsiativi i razvitie mezhdunarodnogo prava,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik…, 1987, at 12 (1988);Google Scholar Kovalev, , “Problema ‘Kollektivnikh’ prav narodov ν mezhdunarodnom prave,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik…, 1986, at 745 (1987);Google Scholar Kartashkin, , “Gumanitarnii komponent vseobemliushchei sistmi mezhdunarodnoi bezopasnosti,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik …, 1987, at 23 (1988).Google Scholar

⁴⁶ See generally, Tunkin, , Pravo i stia ν mezhdunarodnoi sisteme (1983, English translation, 1985).Google Scholar

⁴⁷ This is confirmed by the very full and prompt Soviet co-operation in removing any international barriers to reuniting the two Germanies in one state.