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Riding on Homer's Chariot: The Search for a Historical ‘Epic Society’*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2015

Kurt A. Raaflaub
Kurt A. Raaflaub*
Affiliation:
Brown University, Providence, RI, Kurt_Raaflaub@Brown.edu
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Abstract

This paper continues the author's long-standing quest to define the historicity of ‘epic society’ and to understand epic warfare and battle descriptions. It summarises the range of questions involved and a number of aspects on which some agreement has been achieved. Further progress is only possible by using new approaches. One of these, the comparative study of epic traditions, has recently yielded important results that are briefly summarised. Another new approach, overlapping with that of narratology, aims at understanding the working methods and conventions of the epic singer's art. The application of this approach to the narrative of epic battles has made it possible to distinguish between two large type scenes: ‘normal battles’ and ‘flight and aristeia phases’. The former are essentially historical and thus help us understand early Greek fighting, while the latter are essentially fantastic. Three elements occur predominantly or almost exclusively in these fantasy scenes: the aristeiai of the greatest heroes, the active intervention of gods in battle, and the use of chariots in battle. The demonstration, provided in the final section of this paper, that the latter — a component of Homeric battle that has long resisted convincing explanation — is part of the singer's arsenal of fantastic entertainment and ‘special effects’, removes it from historical consideration and further facilitates the explanation of epic battles and their historicity.

Type
Research Article
Information
Antichthon , Volume 45 , 2011 , pp. 1 - 34
Copyright
Copyright © Australasian Society for Classical Studies 2011

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Footnotes

*

I thank the editors for their willingness to publish a revised and slightly expanded English version of this paper in Antichthon, and Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf, the editors of the volume (2011) in which an earlier German version will appear, for their permission and for valuable suggestions. Most heartfelt thanks go to the leadership of the Australasian Society for Classical Studies and to the convenors of its annual meeting in February 2010 in Perth, Lara and Neil O'Sullivan, for inviting Debby and me to attend this meeting and for their generous hospitality, and to all the friends and colleagues (Margaret Miller, Eric Csapo, and Tom Hillard foremost among them) who made our stay in Perth and Sydney comfortable, stimulating and unforgettable.

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