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Organization and Authority in the Traditional Arts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

P. G. O'Neill
P. G. O'Neill
Affiliation:
University of London
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Extract

The formal, authoritarian organization of people with similar occupations or interests has been a feature of Japanese society throughout its history. As such, it must be of interest for its own sake and, no less perhaps, for the indications it can provide of the nature of Japanese society as a whole.

Type
Articles
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 18 , Issue 4 , October 1984 , pp. 631 - 645
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

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References

1 The present head is said to be the 45th, however, since descent is claimed from Ono Imoko, a noble who was sent to China as an envoy in the first decade of the seventh century.

2 See Matsunosuke, Nishiyama, Gendai no iemolo (Kōbundo, 1962), pp. 156–9.Google Scholar

3 For an account based on records of the Kanze and Hōshō groups, see O'Neill, , Early Nō Drama (Lund Humphries, 1958; reprinted by Greenwood, 1974), pp. 19–24.Google Scholar

4 Kaizō, Nonomura, ‘Nōgaku no hassei to hatten’, Nōgaku zensho, vol. 2 (Sōgensha, 1942), p. 106, demonstrates that although the shogunate ran Nō as a national undertaking, most of the expenses for this were extracted from the various daimyo.Google Scholar See also Kiyoshi, Kusabuka, ‘Kinsei kara gendai ni itaru Nōgaku shakai no tenkai’, Nihon no koten geinō III: Nō (Heibonsha, 1970), pp. 315–19.Google Scholar

5 Nonomura, ‘Nōgaku’, pp. 116–17.

6 Nishiyama, Gendai no iemoto, p. 23.

7 Kammer, Reinhard (tr. by Fitzgerald, Betty), Zen and Confucius in the Art of Swordsmanship (Routledge, 1978), p. 8 and n. 28, p. 107.Google Scholar

8 Interview with Wakayagi Kichitoyo in Kenkyükai, Shisō no Kagaku (ed.), Me, 1/4 (special issue: Iemoto seido no kenkyü) (Kenminsha, 04 1953), pp. 42–3.Google Scholar

9 Another common term for this used, for example, within the main-actor schools of Nō and some Kabuki lines, is sōke ‘main house’: it can mean either simply ‘iemoto’, or the senior head within an association of family groups.

10 Matisoff, Susan, The Legend of Semimaru (Columbia U.P., 1978), pp. 24–5.Google Scholar On secret teachings, see Toyotaka, Komiya, Bashō, Zeami, hiden, kan (Hakujitsu Shoin, 1947), pp. 103–38, 207–32;Google Scholar and Matsunosuke, Nishiyama, ‘Hiden to gokui’, Kōza Nihon fūzoku-shi, vol. 4 (Yūzankaku, 1958), pp. 201–23.Google Scholar

11 For a fuller account of these powers, see Mario, Yokomichi and Junji, Kinoshita, ‘Nōgaku no iemoto seido’ in Kenkyukai, Shisō no Kagaku (ed.), Me, p. 35.Google Scholar

12 For a detailed interim account, see Kaizō, Nonomura, Nōgaku kokonki (Shun'yōdō, 1931), pp. 169–225;Google Scholar and for summaries of the dispute after its resolution, Matsunosuke, Nishiyama, Gendai no iemoto, pp. 139–44Google Scholar, and O'Neill, , ‘The social and economic background of Nō’, Maske und Kothurn (Vienna, 1981).Google Scholar

13 On new iemoto schools, see Nishiyama, Gendai no iemoto, pp. 217–19.

14 Interview in Kenkyūkai, Shiso no Kagaku (ed.), Me, 1/4, p. 45.Google Scholar

15 Gauntlett, J. O. (tr.), Kokutai no Hongi. Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan (Cambridge, Mass., 1949), pp. 155, 157.Google Scholar