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The Violence Within: Canadian Modern Statehood and the Pan-territorial Residential School System Ideal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Karen Bridget Murray
Karen Bridget Murray*
Affiliation:
York University
*
Department of Political Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto ON, Canada M3J 1P3, email: murrayk@yorku.ca
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Abstract

Drawing upon Walter Benjamin's “principle of montage,” this article excavates the political salience of what is referred to herein as the residential school system's “pan-territorial ideal.” The pan-territorial ideal materialized in 1930 with the opening of the Shubenacadie Residential School in the Maritimes, the system's final frontier. It was envisioned, forged and secured, in part, with the overt understanding that so called Indian education could be used as a vector of violence to control Indigenous peoples and their lands. This history clashes with dominant narratives that interpret residential school system violence as the product of mismanagement and neglect. From the early days of Confederation to its almost full legal autonomy from Britain in the early twentieth century and beyond, the Dominion's pursuit of the pan-territorial vision involved the selective harnessing of the residential school system as a field of state-sanctioned force to quell Indigenous resistance. In this, residential school violence cannot be reduced to a deviation from the norm. In crucial respects, it was an inherent feature of the system and Canadian modern statehood itself.

Résumé

Cet article interprète des éléments du lien entre l'organisation nationale territoriale du système des pensionnats « indiens » et l’État moderne canadien. S'appuyant sur le principe du montage dû à Walter Benjamin, trois vignettes historiques sont juxtaposées. La première montre comment des considérations militaires se sont gravées dans l'articulation de l'idéal de pensionnat panterritorial de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. La deuxième examine la reviviscence du rêve d'un système géographique universel et l'utilisation continue de la soi-disant éducation indienne en tant que vecteur de force après la Première Guerre mondiale. La troisième vignette illustre comment la matérialisation de la vision nationale territoriale, rendue manifeste à l’échelle régionale dans le pensionnat Shubenacadie, a brossé des tableaux différents sur le caractère de l’État moderne tel qu'il a pris forme au début des années 1930. Lues ensemble, ces vignettes exposent le conflit entre des images aseptisées des pensionnats comme expression d'un souci civil et bienveillant et la violence exercée avec l'assentiment de l’État contre les peuples autochtones dans le cadre du projet moderniste du Canada.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , September 2017 , pp. 747 - 772
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Political Science Association (l'Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique 2017 

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