Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-14T04:21:40.828Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A method for the rapid recognition of nulliparous and parous females of haematophagous Diptera

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

T.Q. Hoc
T.Q. Hoc*
Affiliation:
Lehrstuhl für Spezielle Zoologie und Parasitologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
*
Faculty of Biology, The State University of Hanoi, 90 Nguyen Trai Road, Thvong Dinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Based on the fact that in haematophagous Diptera, the basal bodies, groups of six to nine specialized epithelial cells in the calyx wall within the ovariolar sheath, become granular after ovulation, a method for rapidly determining parity of the females has been developed. After supravitally staining intact ovaries with fresh neutral red solution in physiological saline (1:3000–1:5000) for one to three minutes, granular basal bodies in parous females can be clearly recognized under a stereo-microscope or a compound microscope with a raised condensor. The advantages of the method are its speed, accuracy and simplicity.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 86 , Issue 2 , April 1996 , pp. 137 - 141
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akey, D.H. (1987) Pigmentation associated with oogenesis in the biting fly Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): light and electron microscopy. Journal of Medical Entomology 24, 106–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allison, A.C. & Young, M.R. (1969) Vital staining and fluorescence microscopy of lysosomes. pp. 600–628in Dingle, J.T. & Feil, H.B. (Eds) Lysosomes in biology and pathology. Vol. 2. Amsterdam–London, North-Holland Publishing.Google Scholar
Anderson, J.R. (1987) Reproductive strategies and gonotrophic cycles of blackflies. pp. 276–293in Ke Chung Kim, (Ed.) Blackflies. Ecology, population management, and annotated world list. Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar
Burdick, D.J. & Kardos, E.H. (1963) The age structure of fall, winter and spring populations of Culex tarsalis in Kern County, California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 56, 527–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, A.N. & Boocock, M.R. (1984) Ovarian development in mosquitoes: stage of growth and arrest, and follicular resorption. Physiological Entomology 9, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colless, D.H. (1958) Recognition of individual nulliparous and parous mosquitoes. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 52, 187–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbett, P.S. (1964) The ovarian condition of certain sylvan mosquitos in Uganda (Diptera: Culcidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 55, 367–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, J.B. & Crosskey, R.W. (1991) Simulium vector of onchocerciasis. Training and Information Guide. Vector Control Series (Advanced Level). Unpublished document, WHO/VBC/91. 992.Google Scholar
Davies, L. (1957) A study on the age of Simulium ornatum Mg. (Diptera) attracted to cattle. Bulletin of Entomological Research 48, 535–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, L. (1963) Seasonal and diurnal changes in the age-composition of adult Simulium venustum Say (Diptera) population near Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 95, 654–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Duve, C. (1963) The lysosome concept. de Reuck, A.V.S. & Cameron, M.P., (Eds) pp. 1–28in Ciba Foundation symposium on lysosomes. Boston, Litte Brow.Google Scholar
De Duve, C. (1969) The lysosome in retrospect. pp. 3–40in Dingle, J.T. & Fell, H.B. (Eds) Lysosomes in biology and pathology. Vol. 1. Amsterdam-London, North-Holland Publishing.Google Scholar
Detinova, T.S. (1945) The determination of the physiological age of females of Anopheles by changes in the tracheal system of the ovaries. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parasitarnye Bolezni 14, 45–49. (In Russian.)Google ScholarPubMed
Detinova, T.S. (1962) Age-grouping methods in Diptera of medical importance with special reference to some vectors of malaria. Monograph Series, World Health Organization. No. 47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyce, A.L. (1969) The recognition of nulliparous and parous (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) without dissection. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 8, 11–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dye, C. (1992) The analysis of parasite transmission by blood-sucking insects. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, A.S. & Brust, R.A. (1994) How do dilatations form in mosquito ovarioles? Parasitology Today 10, 19–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gryaznov, A.I. (1993) Use of M.I. Sokolova combination method of estimating physiological age in blood-sucking blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 72, 51–58. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Gryaznov, A.I. (1994) Reproductive biology of Wilhelmia equina (Diptera: Simuliidae), a common species of blood-sucking flies from the central part of eastern Europe. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 73, 159–168. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Hoc, T.Q. (1974) Oogenesis and the physiological age of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Author's abstract of PhD thesis, Moscow University, 24 pp. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Hoc, T.Q. (1975) Neutral red – a specific stain for the corpus luteum of insects. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Biologiya 1, 107–109.Google Scholar
Hoc, T.Q. (1995) Morpho-histological changes and determination of physiological age in haematophagous insects of medical importance. Zoologica Poloniae 40 (1–4), 5–65.Google Scholar
Hoc, T.Q. (1996) Application of the ovarian oil-injection and ovariolar separation techniques for age grading hematophagous Diptera. Journal of Medical Entomology, 33, in press.Google ScholarPubMed
Hoc, T.Q. & Schaub, G.A. (1995) Ovariolar “basal body” development and physiological age of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 9, 9–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoc, T.Q. & Schaub, G.A. (1996) Improvement of the techniques for age grading hematophagous insects: ovarian oil injection and ovariolar separation techniques. Journal of Medical Entomology, 33, in press.Google ScholarPubMed
Hoc, T.Q. & Wilkes, T.J. (1995a) Age determination in the blackfly Simulium woodi (Diptera: Simuliidae), a vector of onchocerciasis in Tanzania. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 9, 16–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoc, T.Q. & Wilkes, T.J. (1995b) The ovariole structure of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) and its use in determining physiological age. Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, 59–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jupp, P.G. (1973) Distinguishing nulliparous from parous females by the ovarian tracheation technique in four South African species of Culex (Diptera, Culicidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 36, 271–273.Google Scholar
Kardos, E.H. & Bellamy, R.E. (1961) Distinguishing nulliparous from parous female Culex tarsalis by examination of the ovarian tracheation. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 54, 448–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, B.H. (1979) Age structure of populations of Culex annulirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) at Kowanyama and Charleville, Queensland. Journal of Medical Entomology 16, 309–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lange, A.B. & Hoc, T.Q. (1981) Abortive oogenesis and physiological age in blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parasitarnye Bolezni 50, 48–56. (In Russian.)Google ScholarPubMed
Lebied, B. (1959) Determination de l'age physiologique des Dipteres. Nouvelle vestiges du processus de l'ovulation. Rivista di Parassitologia 20, 91–106.Google Scholar
Lewis, D.J. & Minter, D.M. (1960) Internal structure changes in some African Phlebotominae. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 54, 351–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, D.J., Lainson, R. & Shaw, J.J. (1970) Determination of parous rates in phlebotomine sandflies with special reference to Amazonian species. Bulletin of Entomological Research 60, 209–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Markovic, N.Ya. (1951) Fertility of Anopheles bifurcatus and its changes under influence of environmental conditions. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parasitarnye Bolezni 20, 50–55.Google Scholar
Molineaux, L., Dietz, K. & Thomas, A. (1978) Further epidemiological evaluation of a malaria model. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 56, 565–571.Google ScholarPubMed
Nayar, J.K. & Knight, J.W. (1981) Ovarian development in Culex nigripalpus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) and its implication in disease transmission. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 29, 49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, R.C. (1966) A comparison of two techniques for distinguishing parous from nulliparous Culex tarsalis Coq. Mosquito News 26, 11–13.Google Scholar
Rhashid, F., Horobin, R.W. & Williams, M.A. (1991) Predicting the behaviour and selectivity of fluorescent probes for lysosomes and related structures by means of structure-activity models. Histochemical Journal 23, 450–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosay, B. (1961) Anatomical indicators for assessing the age of mosquitoes: the teneral adult (Diptera: Culicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 54, 526–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Self, L.S. & Sebastian, A. (1971) A high incidence of green coloration in newly-emerged adult populations of Culex pipiens fatigans in Rangoon, Burma. Journal of Medical Entomology 8, 391–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Service, M.W. (1993) Mosquito ecology. field sampling methods. 2nd edn.Essex, Elsevier Applied Science.Google Scholar
Sokolova, M.I. (1983) Diagnostic significance of ovariole structures for determination of the physiological age of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Culicidae: Diptera). Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parasitarnye Bolezni 52, 53–58. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Sokolova, M.I. (1994a) Reproductive history of blood-sucking mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parasitarnye Bolezni 63, 42–47. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Sokolova, M.I. (1994b) A redescription of the morphology of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) ovarioles during vitellogenesis. Bulletin of the Society of Vector Ecologists 19, 53–68.Google Scholar
Spencer, M. (1979) Age grouping of female Anopheles farauti populations (Diptera, Culicidae) in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Medical Entomology 15, 555–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vogt, W.G., Woodburn, T.L. & Tyndal-Biscoe, M. (1974) A method of age determination in Lucilia cuprina (Wied.) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) using cyclic changes in the female reproductive system. Bulletin of Entomological Research 64, 365–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, A.R. (1977) Adult lifespan and reproductive status of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Kenya, with reference to virus transmission. Bulletin of Entomological Research 67, 205–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yurgenson, I.A. (1982) Determination of the physiological age of fleas. Moskovskii Universitet, Moskova. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Yurgenson, I.A. & Teplykh, V.S. (1966) A technique for determining physiological age of insects. Author's certification No. 195776. (In Russian.)Google Scholar