The Spanish Civil War was fought not only on the streets and battlefields from 1936 to 1939 but also through memory and trauma in the decades that followed. This fascinating book reassesses the eras of war, dictatorship and transition to democracy in light of the memory boom in Spain since the late 1990s. It explores how the civil war and its repressive aftermath have been remembered and represented from 1939 to the present through the interweaving of war memories, political power and changing social relations. Acknowledgement and remembrance were circumscribed during the war's immediate aftermath and only the victors were free to remember collectively during the long Franco era. Michael Richards recasts social memory as a profoundly historical product of migration, political events and evolving forms of collective identity through the 1950s, the transition to democracy in the 1970s, and in the bitterly contested politics of memory since the 1990s.

‘Almost forty years after Franco's death, the history of the Spanish Civil War and dictatorship in Spain remains a cultural and political battleground. Michael Richards, with the same rigour and imagination shown in his previous research, explores in this book the relationship between multiple memory narratives of the Spanish Civil War. The result is a masterpiece of cultural history and the study of historical consciousness.’

Julián Casanova - University of Zaragoza

‘This highly original and conceptually exciting book makes a major contribution to the history of twentieth-century Spain. Meticulously researched and richly nuanced, it shows with clarity and insight how memories and meanings forged by the civil war became the prism through which Spaniards ‘made sense’ of rapid and shattering historical change from the 1940s onwards - from the country’s experience of extreme economic austerity to industrial take-off, mass migration, rural depopulation and dizzying urbanization, all the way through to the democratic transition itself. Dr Richards offers us a trailblazing book which opens up the social and psychological universe made by Francoism.’

Helen Graham - Royal Holloway, University of London

‘Michael Richards’ impressively researched new work establishes him as a major figure in the field. Illuminating Spain’s vertiginous passage from the horrors of civil war, through the appalling hardship of the 1940s and 1950s to the rapid economic growth of the 1960s and the dramatic transition from dictatorship to democracy, Dr Richards goes way beyond the conventional boundaries of social history. His interpretation of these changes is enriched by a perception of the continuing effects of the mass trauma of civil war and dictatorship. In consequence, he has produced an important and groundbreaking work.’

Paul Preston - London School of Economics and Political Science

'… [a] brilliant study …'

Jörg Auberg Source: satt.org

'… an incisive and erudite study of the interaction between memory and history … At the same time, the book is a vibrant social history, with chapters on the fierce repression after the Civil War, massive migration within Spain during the '50s and the role of the Church to reconcile the two sides.'

William Chislett Source: translated from El Imparcial

'This will no doubt be a highly decorated, prize-winning book that has something to offer all students and scholars of modern European, and specifically Spanish, history. Summing up: essential.'

Source: Choice

'[Richards’] account of how memories of the Civil War have, over the last eight decades, shaped and been shaped by social processes is masterly: anyone wanting to know about the history of Spain since the 1930s would do well to start with this book.'

Jo Labanyi Source: Cultural and Social History

'Richards’ main strength is his superb capacity to read from different authors and very diverse sources, from newspapers to cultural histories, and to assemble them into a coherent narrative. The result is a book that delves into a broad array of topics and perspectives, fromhigh culture to oral stories, that illuminate how the regime imposed its vicious and self-serving memory project onto an impoverished and traumatized society.'

Antonio Cazorla-Sanchez Source: Journal of Modern History