Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Thermal stability
- Part II Flame retardancy
- 7 Introduction to flame retardancy of polymer–clay nanocomposites
- 8 Flame retardant nanocomposites with polymer blends
- 9 Flame retardancy of polyamide/clay nanocomposites
- 10 Self-extinguishing polymer–clay nanocomposites
- 11 Flame retardant polymer nanocomposites with fullerenes as filler
- 12 Flame retardant polymer nanocomposites with alumina as filler
- 13 Polymer/layered double hydroxide flame retardant nanocomposites
- 14 Flame retardant SBS–clay nanocomposites
- Index
- References
14 - Flame retardant SBS–clay nanocomposites
from Part II - Flame retardancy
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2011
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Thermal stability
- Part II Flame retardancy
- 7 Introduction to flame retardancy of polymer–clay nanocomposites
- 8 Flame retardant nanocomposites with polymer blends
- 9 Flame retardancy of polyamide/clay nanocomposites
- 10 Self-extinguishing polymer–clay nanocomposites
- 11 Flame retardant polymer nanocomposites with fullerenes as filler
- 12 Flame retardant polymer nanocomposites with alumina as filler
- 13 Polymer/layered double hydroxide flame retardant nanocomposites
- 14 Flame retardant SBS–clay nanocomposites
- Index
- References
Summary
Layered silicates
The idea of flame retardant materials dates back to about 450 BC, when the Egyptians used alum to reduce the flammability of wood. The Romans (in about 200 BC) used a mixture of alum and vinegar to reduce the combustibility of wood. Today, there are more than 175 chemicals classified as flame retardants. The major groups are inorganic, halogenated, organic, organophosphorus, and nitrogen-based flame retardants, which account for 50%, 25%, 20%, and >5% of the annual production, respectively.
In many cases, existing flame retardant systems show considerable disadvantages. The application of aluminum trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide requires a very high portion of the filler to be deployed within the polymer matrix; filling levels of more than 60 wt% are necessary to achieve suitable flame retardancy, for example, in cables and wires. Clear disadvantages of these filling levels are the high density and the lack of flexibility of end products, the poor mechanical properties, and the problematic compounding and extrusion steps.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Thermally Stable and Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites , pp. 360 - 382Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2011
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