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13 - Interactions of enteric bacteria with the intestinal mucosa

from Part IV - Exploitation of host niches by pathogenic bacteria: mechanisms and consequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2009

By
Samuel Tesfay ,
Donnie Edward Shifflett  and
Gail A. Hecht
Edited by
Beth A. McCormick
Samuel Tesfay
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA
Donnie Edward Shifflett
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA
Gail A. Hecht
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA
Beth A. McCormick
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Bacteria colonize the gastrointestinal tract as early as a few hours after birth. This relationship that develops at an early stage between humans and bacteria is shared with other mammals. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining a quiescent environment while being bathed with normal flora, and yet at the same time they must possess functions that allow them to participate in immune surveillance. In addition to screening for and responding to the presence of pathogens in the intestinal lumen, gastrointestinal epithelial cells provide barrier function and transport of ions and solutes.

Enteric pathogens, as opposed to normal flora, cause disease by exploiting the host cytoskeleton or signaling pathways, which ultimately alters the physiologic functions of the intestinal epithelium. For example, pathogens can induce or suppress inflammatory responses, alter the transport of fluid, solutes, and ions, perturb the tight-junction barrier, and activate programmed cell death (apoptosis). This chapter summarizes the cross-talk between bacterial pathogens and host cells that leads to gastrointestinal symptoms.

ENTERIC PATHOGENS AND INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELL RECEPTORS

The interaction that occurs between pathogenic or non-pathogenic bacteria and intestinal epithelial cells begins with the adherence of bacteria to the cellular surface. This is a common mechanism by which bacteria cause disease, not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also in other systems where epithelial cells face the external environment, such as the genitourinary and respiratory systems. Adherence of bacteria to the cellular surface is essential to reduce the washout effect caused by intestinal secretion and peristalsis.

Type
Chapter
Information
Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk
Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis
 , pp. 356 - 399
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Interactions of enteric bacteria with the intestinal mucosa
    • By Samuel Tesfay, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA, Donnie Edward Shifflett, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA, Gail A. Hecht, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA
  • Edited by Beth A. McCormick, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk
  • Online publication: 12 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541537.013
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  • Interactions of enteric bacteria with the intestinal mucosa
    • By Samuel Tesfay, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA, Donnie Edward Shifflett, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA, Gail A. Hecht, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA
  • Edited by Beth A. McCormick, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk
  • Online publication: 12 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541537.013
Available formats
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  • Interactions of enteric bacteria with the intestinal mucosa
    • By Samuel Tesfay, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA, Donnie Edward Shifflett, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA, Gail A. Hecht, Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612-7323, USA
  • Edited by Beth A. McCormick, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk
  • Online publication: 12 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541537.013
Available formats
×