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VIII.—Memoir on the Spermogones and Pycnides of Filamentous, Fruticulose, and Foliaceous Lichens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2013

Extract

The following Memoir contains the results of researches made during the last three years. My investigations were originally directed to British lichens only, but they have subsequently and gradually embraced lichens from all parts of the world. The majority of Scotch species examined were collected by myself while on botanical tours in various parts of Scotland during the last ten years. Lowland species were collected chiefly in the counties of Perth, Edinburgh, and Dumfries; but also in Forfar, Fife, and others of the midland counties. In order to study alpine species I made a special tour among the highest of our Scotch mountains in the summer of 1856. I then visited the Braemar Highlands, Ben Lawers, Ben Nevis, and the Coollin Hills, in Skye. I have likewise studied the lichens of Don, now in the possession of Mr M'Nab, of the Ptoyal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh; the lichens collected by Maughan, M'Millan, and others, in the Herbarium of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh; those collected by the late Alexander Menzies, in the Menziesian Herbarium belonging to the Botanic Garden of Edinburgh; those collected by Borrer, Hooker, Carmichael, Gardiner, and others, in the magnificent Hookerian Herbarium at Kew; and I have also examined the valuable herbarium of the University of Edinburgh, under the care of Professor Balfour, and the herbarium of Dr Greville.

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Transactions
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1861

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References

page 103 note * 1. Monograph of the Genus Abrothallus. (De Not. and Tul., emend.) Read before Section D. of the meeting of the British Association at Cheltenham in August 1856.—Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. January 1857.

2. On the Structure of Lecidca lugubris, Sommfr. Ibid. July 1857.

page 103 note † Mémoire pour servir à l'Histoire Organographique et Physiologique des Lichens. Par M. L. R. Tulasne, aide-Naturaliste au Museum d' Histoire Naturelle, &c.—Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 3d serie. Botanique, vol. xvii., 1852.

page 103 note ‡ Dr Hermann Itzigsohn, whose researches may be found in the Botanische Zeitung for 1850–51, et seq.

page 104 note * 1. Synopsis Methodica Lichenum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Paris, 1858.Google Scholar

2. Enumeration Générale des Lichens, avec l'indication sommaire de leur Distribution Géographique. Cherbourg, 1858.Google Scholar

3. Monographia Calicicorum. 1857.Google Scholar

4. Prodromus Lichenographiæ Galliæ et Algeriæ. Bourdeaux, 1857.Google Scholar

5. Essai d'une Nouvelle Classification des Lichens. Cherbourg, 1854.Google Scholar

page 105 note * Systema Lichenum Germaniæ, von DrKoerber, G. W.. Breslau, 1855, p. 152.Google Scholar

page 107 note * Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany. By the Rev.Berkeiey, M. J., M.A., F.L.S. London, 1857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 109 note * His “Synopsis Methodica Lichenum,” and his “Enumeration Générale des Lichens,” both published in 1858.

page 109 note † As given in his “Synopsis,” p. 65.

page 111 note * From σπέςμα, a seed, and γονὴ, generation.

page 111 note † πυχνὸς, compact, or πυχνὸτης, a compact series (Latin, Pycnitis), in allusion to the closely aggregated sterigmata. The designation, Pycnidis, which was originally given by Tulasne,is common to similar organs, which occur in various fungi, particularly the Hypoxyla.

page 111 note ‡ σπέζμα, ατος, a seed or germ.

page 111 note § στῦλος, a pillar (Latin, Stylus), and σποζὰ, a seed, from being borne on the end of pedicles or stalk-like filaments, called Sterigmata; στὴζιγμα, a support.

page 115 note * στὴϛιγμα, a support, in allusion to their function of generating the Spermatia.

page 121 note * “Systema Lichenum Germaniæ,” “Die Flechten Deutschlands,” von DrKoerber, G. W.. Breslau, 1855. P. 3.Google Scholar (Sub U. florida, L.)

page 146 note * “Mémoire pour servir a l'Histoire Organographique et Physiologique des Lichens.” By Tulasne, M. L. R., Aide-naturaliste au Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 3d Series, vol. xvii., Botanical l'art, 1852, p. 121Google Scholar; Plate 14, f. 12.

page 147 note * “De Sphærophori Sporangio Observatio.” By II. F. Link, p. 465, Plate xi., fig. 2. “Linnæa,” vol. vii. Berlin, 1832.Google Scholar

page 151 note * Mem. Lich. t. 15, f. 10–12.

page 160 note * Botanische Zeitung, p. 913. 1850.Google Scholar

page 165 note * Enumération générale des Lichens, p. 95. Cherbourg, 1858.Google Scholar

page 173 note * Mém. Lich., p. 200, Plate IX.

page 179 note * Seemann's, Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald, during 1848–52, p. 47.Google Scholar Enumeration of the Lichens of Norton and Kotzebue Sounds. By Rev. Churchill Babington.

page 186 note * “Monograph of the British Umbilicariæ.” By the Rev. W. A. Leighton.—Annals of Nat. History, Oct. 1856; and reprinted as a separate pamphlet.

page 202 note * Popular History of British Lichens. London, 1856, pp. 189 and 191.Google Scholar

page 218 note * Gardener's Chronicle, Feb. 9, 1856, p. 84, and March 15, 1856, p. 172. Scottish Gardener, No. 3, p. 100, March 1856 (Proceedings of Botanical Society of Edinburgh).

page 218 note † Leighton's, Lich. Britannici exsicc. Fasc. 8, No. 232 (1856).Google Scholar

page 218 note ‡ Popular History of British Lichens, London, 1856, p. 211, et seq.Google ScholarMonograph of the Genus Abrothallus, in Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, January 1857, p. 41.Google Scholar

page 240 note * Historia Muscorum, p. 150, Tab. 20, f. 45, BC.

page 240 note † Theoria Generationis et Fructificationis Plant. Crypt., p. 120. Pl. 30 and 31.

page 240 note ‡ Vide vol. viii., pp. 393–94, May 17, 1850; pp. 917–19, December 27, 1850. Vol. ix., pp. 153–4, February 21, 1851, and p. 913.

page 241 note * Mémoire pour servir, &c., ol. citat.

page 254 note * Since this Memoir was originally presented to the Royal Society, I have had two communications from Professor Dickie on the subject of the name of this plant. In his first (dated 25th March 1859), he says, “Twelve months ago I sent a Borrera, supposed by me to be a variety of Atlantica. I have now good reason to believe that it is new. Should you, therefore, publish anything on British species including it, I should wish it to stand as B. Hibernica, Dickie MSS.” In his second letter (dated 3d June 1859), he remarks, “The supposed P.villora, Dub., has been submitted to Nylander, who pronounces it a monstrosity of P. chrysophthalma. I have compared the fruit in both, and find them identical, so we must bow to the high authority of Nylander.” In giving these criticisms, however, which I do in justice to Professors Dickie and Nylander, I see no reason for in any way modifying or altering my opinion regarding the place in classification or name of the plant in question—as above given.

page 257 note * Enumération Générale des Lichens, p. 109. 1858.Google Scholar

page 267 note * The other genera of the Lecanorei will be found included in my Memoir on the Spermogones and Pycnides of Crustaceous Lichens. Vide foot-note, p. 280.

page 267 note † A good account of the minute structure of its spermogones will be found in Bornet's, “Récherches sur la Structure de l'Ephebe pubescens, Fr.” Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 3d Ser. Botanique, vol. xviii., 1852, p. 161.Google Scholar