Visceral Vascular Anomalies
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Fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic sclerotherapy: a novel hybrid approach for symptomatic rectosigmoidal venous malformation (with video)
2021, Gastrointestinal EndoscopyCitation Excerpt :VMs of the GI tract can have a pathognomonic appearance as bluish vascular convolutes when viewed via endoscopy, but are sometimes difficult to detect if only polypoid alterations are found macroscopically.6 Due to their complex manifestations, VMs require a multidisciplinary treatment approach.7,8 Therefore, endoscopy and radiologic imaging modalities, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are often used to evaluate the extent and involvement of the GI wall, as well as to determine the flow characteristics and draining veins.9
Vascular Anomalies in Pediatrics
2015, Advances in PediatricsCitation Excerpt :VMs of the GI tract can be solitary or multifocal and variably involve any or all layers of the bowel wall. A majority of GI VMs occur as transmural lesions of the left colon and rectum with variable local extension into pelvic structures [8,104,105]. GI VMs frequently present with lower GI bleeding.
Vascular Anomalies in Pediatrics
2012, Surgical Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :GI tract lesions may cause chronic bleeding and anemia.155 Bowel VMs may be present throughout but are more commonly found encompassing the entire left colon, rectum, and surrounding pelvic and retroperitoneal structures.3,102,156 A rectal VM associated with ectasia of mesenteric veins is a risk factor for portomesenteric venous thrombosis.157
Vascular Anomalies
2012, Pediatric Surgery, 2-Volume Set: Expert Consult - Online and PrintVascular Anomalies
2012, Pediatric SurgeryPortomesenteric venous thrombosis associated with rectal venous malformations
2010, Journal of Pediatric SurgeryCitation Excerpt :The mural architecture is distorted because of a paucity of and clumping of vascular smooth muscle cells as well as absent or incompetent valves that may be responsible for the progressive, gradual expansion of VMs with time. Rectal VMs variably involve the surrounding mesentery, retroperitoneum, pelvic space, muscles, bladder, vagina, subcutaneous tissues, as well as the mesenteric veins and portal trunk [3,7]. Unlike infantile hemangiomas, rectal VMs are not tumors and do not involute.