Endourology and StonesThe Application of Suctioning Flexible Ureteroscopy With Intelligent Pressure Control in Treating Upper Urinary Tract Calculi on Patients With a Solitary Kidney
Section snippets
General Data
From November 2013 to August 2015, 40 patients with a solitary kidney and upper urinary tract calculus were included in this study with 25 males and 15 females. The ages ranged from 34 to 73 years old with an average age of 50 ± 3.5 years old. Eight patients had a congenital solitary kidney, 12 patients had a solitary kidney because of contralateral nephrectomy, and 20 patients had a solitary kidney because of atrophic and nonfunctional contralateral kidney. Thirteen patients had lower renal
General Data
As shown in Table 1, 40 patients were included in this study, 62.96% males and 37.04% females. The stone sizes ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 cm. There were stones in the lower renal calyx, middle and upper renal calyces, renal pelvis, and upper segment of ureter. There were 73.15% patients who did not have hydronephrosis preoperatively, whereas the other 26.85% patients had hydronephrosis at various degrees. There were 17.6% patients who had preoperative history of SWL.
Outcome of Treatment
As shown in Table 2, on 29 of
Discussion
The management for upper urinary tract calculi has been a clinical dilemma because of its difficulty. Traditional open surgery could cause significant damage to the kidney and is of high risk. The other option of SWL could lead to renal atrophy after being performed for multiple times. There were reported good outcomes by using PCNL, but this is also a high-risk procedure and it is difficult to manage its residual stones.8, 9
In recent years, there were good outcomes achieved by using flexible
Conclusion
Our study showed that it was safe and efficient to use the intelligently pressure-controlled flexible URS in treating upper urinary tract calculi for patients with a solitary kidney with advantages of high lithotripsy efficacy and low complication rate.
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Jianrong Huang, Donghua Xie, Ruiping Xiong, and Xiaolin Deng contributed equally.
Financial Disclosure: The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests.
Funding Support: This study was funded by the following funds: (1) Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Agency major science and technology projects (20152ACG70009); (2) Science and Technology Bureau of Ganzhou City Major scientific Funds ([2014]131); and (3) Ganzhou Science and Technology Bureau Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project (GZ2015ZSF182).
Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for publication of this report and any accompanying images. Copies of the written consent are available for review by the Editor of the journal.
Ethical Standard: Ethical and regulatory approvals were sought and obtained from the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University.
Author Contribution: Protocol/project development: Song, Xie, Huang J. Data collection or management: Huang J, Xiong, Deng, Song, Huang C, Fan, Zhang, Peng, Zeng, Qin, Zeng. Data analysis: Xie, Deng, Xiong. Manuscript writing/editing: Xie, Deng, Huang J, Xiong, Song, Huang C.