Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review
A mathematical model for post-disaster road restoration: Enabling accessibility and evacuation
Section snippets
Introduction and problem description
Post-disaster road restoration constitutes the first step in disaster response and recovery (FEMA, 2007). In any kind of disaster, whether hurricane or earthquake, the goal is to maximize survival rates. It is essential to be able to reach survivors and offer them relief and a possibility to evacuate the affected region during the first few days after the disaster strikes. Road network disruptions impede timely access to help and delay evacuation to shelters.
This paper addresses the issue of
Literature survey
Phase 1 activities of disaster recovery and response involve clearing roadside debris and restoring the road network in order to open up evacuation routes and other important lifeline paths so that traffic flow is enabled in affected areas. The restoration operation can be conducted efficiently by identifying the optimal order in which critical blocked links in the road network are cleared. The goal is to maximize the overall earliness of path restoration times, which leads to maximizing
The mathematical model
In this section, we formally define the Debris Clearance Scheduling Model (DCSM) that schedules the road restoration work in a region with the goal of maximizing the total weighted earliness of all cleared paths. As mentioned in Section 1, the DCSM is an integer programming model solved to optimality for each zone or district.
Before we can define the DCSM, we should provide the notation used in the model.
Sets and parameters:P Set of predefined paths, indexed by , A Set of links, indexed by , A
Computational results
We demonstrate our approach on two test instances based on the road networks of two districts in Istanbul, Turkey. The first district (Caddebostan) depicted in Fig. 1a contains 212 road segments out of which 49 are blocked, whereas the larger (Fatih) district has 386 segments where 79 are blocked (Fig. 1b). The restoration times for blocked segments vary between 1 and 10 h. For both districts, the set of predefined paths P has been constructed as explained in Section 3. In Fig. 1a, the seashore
Conclusion
This study addresses a crucial aspect of disaster response: restoration of road networks. Here, the goal is to make all locations in the affected area accessible for receiving help and evacuation. The restoration process is carried out by a limited number of equipment. It is essential to restore the network as much as possible during the first 3 days of response in order to maximize survival rate.
Several approaches have been proposed in the literature to solve this problem. These can be
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