Emerging trends in transplantationExperimental observationAmbroxol Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Pathways
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Animals
Male Wistar rats weighing 240 ± 40 g were obtained from our Animal Research Center for use consistent with internationally accepted principles. Measures were taken to minimize suffering and reduce the number of animals.
Induction of HI/R and Drug Administration
HI/R was induced according to the method described previously.10, 11, 12 Under the chloral hydrate (200 mg/kg) and ether anesthesia, rats underwent a median laparotomy. The hepatoportal vein, hepatic arterial, and hepatic duct were separated to be occluded with an atraumatic
Histopathological Examination
Figures 2A and 2F show the sham group to display normal appearances. In contrast, Figs 2B and 2G show color fading of hepatocytes cytoplasm with nuclear condensation. These changes were notably reduced among the group treated with ambroxol (20 mg/kg; Figs 2C and 2G). Furthermore, the 80 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg ambroxol cohorts showed significant improvement as in Figs 2I, 2E, and 2J.
Serum ALT and AST
Compared with the sham group, the control group levels of serum ALT, as liver damage markers, were significantly
Discussion
Ambroxol, a common mucoactive drug with secretolytic actions, is frequently used to treat respiratory diseases. Ambroxol is not only an expectorant but also has other effects, including antioxidative13, 14, 15 and anti-inflammatory activities.16 Some studies have shown ambroxol to mitigate I/R effects.8 But there is no prior evidence of protection from hepatic warm I/R injury as shown herein by remarkable actions on serum transaminases (ALT and AST) and histology. HE staining showed 80 mg/kg or
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2020, Annals of Medicine and SurgeryCitation Excerpt :This team studied a mouse model of total ischemia for 30 min. Αmbroxol (a substance with mucolytic activity) was studied by Jiang et al. [56], who proved that pre-treatment with that molecule, reduced the histologic injury and significantly decreased serum ALT and AST levels, enhanced the activity of hepatic tissue SOD and CAT, increasing GSH but decreasing MDA tissue contents. On top of that, in the ambroxol group, Bcl-2 expression was increased and Bax and caspase-3 decreased compared with the control group.
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Supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (D200927).