Trends in Plant Science
Volume 24, Issue 2, February 2019, Pages 102-105
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New Light on Local and Systemic Wound Signaling

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.11.009Get rights and content

Electric signaling and Ca2+ waves were discussed to occur in systemic wound responses. Two new overlapping scenarios were identified: (i) membrane depolarization in two special cell types followed by an increase in systemic cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), and (ii) glutamate sensed by GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR LIKE proteins and followed by Ca2+-based defense in distal leaves.

Section snippets

The Triad of Ca2+ Ions, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Electrical Signals

Multicellularity evolved about 1 billion years ago [1] and led due to an increase in cell number and cell types to genetic innovation dealing with cellular coordination and common responses to the environment by the whole organism. Consequently, systemic responses evolved. Among different chemically and physically based mechanisms for systemic responses following local stimuli, intercellular electric signaling is most successful and now well established [2]. Upon local wounding, a ‘slow wave

Two Cell Types Are Active in Leaf-to-Leaf Electrical Signaling upon Wounding

To address the first question, glr mutants were locally wounded at leaf 8 with a laser at the petiole/lamina junction (Figure 1) (in contrast to previous wounding of a leaf area as done by [3] and signals were recorded with non-invasive surface electrodes at the distal leaf 13). Leaf 8 and leaf 13 are well connected by the vasculature [3]. In this way, duration of the changes in surface potential were recorded. Comparing all mutants of clade 3 GLRs, only the double mutants glr3.1/3.3 and

Glu Locally Sensed by GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR LIKE Proteins Initiates Distally Calcium-Based Defense

Initial data upon local wounding by herbivores or mechanical damage of Arabidopsis leaves expressing the GCaMP3 fluorescent protein-based Ca2+ sensor indicated [Ca2+]cyt increase that spread to distal leaves simultaneously with the wound-activated surface potential and systemic rise in JA-Ile formation [3]. The systemic Ca2+ movement was visualized temporally and spatially by the specific expression of fluorescent label in phloem and companion cells using the phloem-specific SUC2 promoter. The

Concluding Remarks

Among the different components in systemic signaling Ca2+ waves and electrical signaling by variation potentials are of preferential role in wound responses. Local wounding is initiated in two cell types, the phloem sieve elements and xylem contact cells, and leads to GLR3.3- and GLR3.6-dependent membrane depolarization within a few seconds. These ion channels sense apoplastic Glu formed at the wound side and transmit this signal into a wave of [Ca2+]cyt that is propagated to distal leaves via

Acknowledgments

The author thanks the Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic, for financial support through the program Interhana: Operational Program Education for Competitiveness – European Social Fund (project CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0165); Ota Blahousek (Olomouc) for design of Figure 1; and B. Hause (IPB, Halle, Germany) for critical comments on the text and Figure 1.

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  • How do plants transduce wound signals to induce tissue repair and organ regeneration?

    2020, Current Opinion in Plant Biology
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    Upon injury, plants immediately activate local defence responses at wound sites to prevent pathogen infection. Wound signals are also transmitted over long distances to systemically activate defence responses and modify organ growth and development [3]. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a central player that mediates these wound-induced defence responses.

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