Trends in Biotechnology
ReviewNatural and Synthetic Coral Biomineralization for Human Bone Revitalization
Section snippets
Applying Coral to Bone Replacement
Bone tissue is relatively resilient and has a high regenerative capacity compared with many other tissues. In normal settings, bone is able to regenerate and recover small losses to its structure. However, the destructive effects on bone resulting from disease, tumor resections, infections, skeletal abnormalities, and trauma require surgical intervention with clinically viable bone replacements, which can be human, natural, or synthetic in derivation [1]. The most significant and successful
Coral Aquaculture: The Most Effective Method of Growing Medical Corals in the Laboratory
The biomedical use of coral skeletons is hindered by the lack of specifications for ideal coral species in successful bone regeneration and by the lack of coral supplies, or suboptimal cultivation methods, in captivity. Future exploitation of coral organisms will spread damage further among habitats that are already contracting in size as a result of small increases in sea-water temperatures, toxic pollutants, dredging, and reef mining, which have already destroyed 19% of the reefs worldwide
Harnessing Biomineralization Chemistry in the Laboratory to Grow Artificial Coral Skeletons
Human bone biology, including its disease and repair, can inform artificial coral skeletal biology, biomineralization, and skeletogenesis, and provide information needed to manufacture useful biomimetic corals for bone replacement. Conversely, the functions of the different types of organic component present in biomineralization and skeletogenesis can be translated into correcting and augmenting human bone regeneration and healing. Understanding biomineralization can guide strategies for
Concluding Remarks: The Future for Revitalized Medical Coral Skeletons in Orthopedics
Novel applications of coral for promoting availability, bioactivity, strength, and specificity have been highlighted in this article. The topics described and highlighted in Figure 1 broaden the possibilities of coral skeletons in clinical orthopedics. A coral future in medicine can be assured by proper advances in: (i) coral farming; (ii) coral cultivation in captivity; and (iii) biomimetic generation of coral skeletons. The clinical use of coral skeletons will be positively transformed
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP; No. 2014R1A2A1A11050764). Further support was provided by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government (MSIP; No. 2012M3A9B4028738).
Glossary
- 3D printing
- an automated process to self-generate complex physical objects.
- Allograft
- tissue of one individual used in a donor tissue of another.
- Anthozoa
- a group of marine invertebrates with polyps as bodies.
- Bioactivity
- the specific interactions and effects of an object or material on cells, enzymes, proteins, genes, and tissues.
- Bioceramic
- inorganic minerals of biological origin that are structured under biological control.
- Bioinspired
- something developed, built, or manufactured in which nature,
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