Central Surgical AssociationProton pump inhibitors induce changes in colonocyte gene expression that may affect Clostridium difficile infection
Section snippets
Materials and methods
This study was performed at the authors' institution using C. difficile isolates from an institutional review board–approved tissue biobank.
Colonocyte gene expression
Illumina HT-12 BeadChips provided genome-wide transcriptional coverage for 48,000 transcripts and known splice variants, including 25,440 annotated genes, using probes derived from the RefSeq (Build 36.2, rel22) and UniGene (Build 99) databases. The BeadChip experiment was conducted using biological triplicates and the resulting data were found to be consistent across all replicates. Genes whose expression would be expected to be affected, such as those in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and
Discussion
The use of PPIs is associated with increased rates of CDI—1.7-fold with once-daily use and 2.4-fold with more than once-daily use.8, 9 Recent studies have noted such noncanonical effects of PPIs as an nuclear factor-κB–mediated antiinflammatory effect, which is mediated in cells where the primary biologic target of PPIs is missing.10, 11 This finding suggests that, outside their intended target (parietal cells), the pharmacologic activities of PPIs may be linked to biologic processes unrelated
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2018, International Journal of PharmaceuticsCitation Excerpt :Stewart and Hegarty (2013) demonstrated that the expression of toxin genes and their regulators were different following PPI administration in some C. diff ribotypes. Another in vitro study identified that PPIs decreased the expression of coloncyte genes leading to the reduced production of proteins associated with the protection of intestinal epithelium and loss of maintenance of cell junctions (Hegarty et al., 2014). CDI is a growing concern, particularly as resistance to treatments increases.
Side Effects and Complications of Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Pediatric Perspective
2016, Journal of PediatricsCitation Excerpt :In addition to bacteria growth and variety, a retrospective case-control study of 102 patients with cirrhosis suggested that PPIs might facilitate bacterial translocation across gastrointestinal epithelium.19 Beyond the gastrointestinal system, there is growing evidence that PPI use alters the microbiome and possibly the secretory and antimicrobial properties of other mucosal surfaces.20,21 Several in vitro studies provide evidence that PPIs can suppress immune cell surveillance, activation, migration, and function.22
Proton pump inhibitor use and hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a hospital-based case-control study and a population-based cohort study
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