Elsevier

Seminars in Immunology

Volume 18, Issue 6, December 2006, Pages 375-386
Seminars in Immunology

Review
Mendelian resistance to human norovirus infections

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.009Get rights and content

Abstract

Noroviruses have emerged as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans of all ages. Despite high infectivity of the virus and lack of long-term immunity, volunteer and authentic studies has suggested the existence of inherited protective factors. Recent studies have shown that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and in particular secretor status controlled by the α1,2fucosyltransferase FUT2 gene determine susceptibility to norovirus infections, with nonsecretors (FUT2−/−), representing 20% of Europeans, being highly resistant to symptomatic infections with major strains of norovirus. Moreover, the capsid protein from distinct strains shows different HBGA specificities, suggesting a host–pathogen co-evolution driven by carbohydrate–protein interactions.

Abbreviations

CCR5
chemokine receptor 5
Fuc
fucose
FUT2
α1,2fucosyltransferase
Gal
galactose
GG
genogroup
Glc
glucose
HBGA
histo-blood group antigen
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
IgG
immunoglobulin G
Le
Lewis antigen
NAc
N-acetyl
NV
Norwalk virus
NTPase
nucleoside triphosphate
ORF
open reading frame
Pol
polymerase
Pro
proteinase
RHDV
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
RNA
ribonucleic acid
RT-PCR
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
SMV
Snow Mountain virus
VLP
virus-like particles
VP
virus protein

Keywords

Norovirus
FUT2
Secretor
Histo-blood group antigen
Gastroenteritis

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