Harvest point determination of indian jujube fruit (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) based on physicochemical and functional parameters
Introduction
Determining the suitable maturity stage for the harvest ensures better preservation of fruit qualities. However, for this determination to be correct, it is necessary to have knowledge of the different stages involved in the development and maturation of the fruit and also to know about the different physiological characteristics among each of these stages (Azzolini et al., 2004).
Harvesting at the appropriate stage of maturation not only defines the quality of the fruit but more importantly, provides a product of high durability (Damatto Junior et al., 2010). For the successful of determination of the optimal harvest time, it is important to use all the tools to support that choice. In general, these tools are physicochemical and functional analyses carried out during the fruit development and maturation. These analyses create a timeline for the fruit and enable to choose an optimal harvest point according to its use. Although really exist postharvest researches taking into consideration the harvest of Z. mauritiana (Abbas and Fandi, 2002, Nyanga et al., 2013), as a significant parameter in the maintaining of general quality, the results are still very varied and, necessarily, there is a need to establish, by precise criteria, the correct point of harvest of this specie.
According to Land Protection (2005) the specie Z. mauritiana is a native fruit of South Asia and East Africa, but in Brazil, it is restricted only to the state of Roraima. It is a specie still underexplored commercially, although it is already general knowledge that has a great number of important minerals and phytochemicals such as amino acids, carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamin A, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and iron (Choi et al., 2011, Li et al., 2005, San and Yildirim, 2010).
Considering these aspects, this study aimed to determine the physicochemical and functional behavior of Z. mauritiana fruits and therefore to determine the most appropriate point of harvest based on its fresh consumption.
Section snippets
Method of harvest
The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Food Technology, Roraima Federal University, Brazil, from March, 2012 to May, 2016 totaling 5 seasons. The weather of the area is hot and humid with an average rainfall of 1678 mm, maximum temperature of 38 °C and minimum temperature of 20 °C, with an average of 27.4 °C and elevation of 85 m above the sea level.
The fruits were collected from plants located in private urban land in the city of Boa Vista, Roraima state, Brazil. One hundred plants with a
Results and discussion
All data here presented represent an average of 5 seasons performed during the years 2012–2016. It has no detected statistical any significant variations between them.
Conclusions
Based on the results of physical, chemical and respiratory activities, it is suggested that the point of harvest for the fruit of Z. mauritiana species occurs at 56 DAA, however its antioxidant activity does not best express during the same period of time but rather at 35 DAA.
From the respiratory and ethylene synthesis activities it can be verifies that the fruits of Z. mauritiana exhibit climacteric behavior.
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