The retinular responses of common squid Todarodes pacificus for energy efficient fishing lamp using LED
Introduction
The fishing lamp is a key component of the boats luring and catching squid, which is considered as one of the important fishery resources. Along with the developments in society, the latest light sources were used as a fishing lamp from torch, acetylene, incandescent, mercury, fluorescent and halogen lamps to the current metal halide lamps [1], [2]. Squid jigging, which is one of the most common areas where fishing lamps are used, saw development with increased illuminating power of fish-luring lights that allowed more deep fishing but brought on the problem of excessive consumption of fuel compared to the catch. The increase of illuminating power heightened the cost of equipment related to fish-luring lights and fuel, causing a financial burden in the fishing industry. In order to relieve the excess spending, researches on the light utilization technology considering the behavioral characteristics of squid in response to light were performed [3], [4]. Also, researches on the behavioral characteristics of squid in response to light inside labs or to fishing lamp or the moonlight in the sea were conducted [5], [6].
Light emitting diode (LED) is garnering attention as the light source of the future. LED is considered as an eco-friendly light source as it has low power consumption, contains no mercury and has a long life. LED was reviewed as a potential fishing lamp based on its illuminating characteristics and the prospects for its development as a fishing lamp were reported [7], [8]. Using blue LED, we can reduce maximum more than 90% of energy consumption, arising from the high transmitting characteristic of blue LED. In addition, the behavioral response of Japanese common squid to the colored LED light in a lab [9] and the performance of luring fish using LED light in the sea were investigated [9], [10], [11], [12]. However, these studies did not clarify the fishing procedures of squid jigging nor did they sufficiently consider the criteria for light sources to be considered as an appropriate fishing lamp. In order to solve these problems, a physiological approach is needed to identify the degree of light adaptation of the eyes to colored LED lights.
In this study, we've focused on building a database about the light adaptation of the common squids through water tank experiment and field test in order to make a decision which LED light source is more effective on fishing and catching the squids. This research attempted to identify the appropriate light color for fishing LED light by investigating the retinular responses of common squid Todarodes pacificus to LED colors (red, blue and white) in the bright and dark conditions and analyzing the degree of light adaptation of retina cells collected in the sea.
Section snippets
Water tank and light source
The experiment tank was rectangular in shape (80W × 560L × 100H cm3) and the water depth was maintained at 70 cm (Fig. 1). In order to ensure that the squids remain alive, a running water system that maintains the water quality at the optimum level was installed. Three types of colored light sources were used as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shows the spectral distribution of blue, red and white. The maximum wavelengths of the blue and red LED light were 460 nm and 630 nm, respectively, and the
Results and discussions
The light adaptation of the squids to blue LED light based on time lapse is represented as an adaptation ratio (represented as the degree of light adaptation in Fig. 3) in Fig. 5. The degree of light adaptation is an average value of the 6 eyes collected from 3 squids. The degree of light adaptation to the blue light 60 min after it was turned on was similar between the bright and dark adaptation states, suggesting that the retina of squid has high sensitivity to blue light. The reason the
Conclusion
The light adaptation state of retina in dark and bright adaptation conditions was investigated in an experiment tank to identify the degree of light adaptation of common squid T. pacificus to three types of LED colors. The light adaptation states in the dark and bright conditions of blue light were similar, from which we can determine that the retinal sensitivity of squid to blue light is high. The degree of light adaptation to red LED tended to increase over time, albeit slightly. The degree
Acknowledgment
This work has been financially supported by Ministry of Knowledge Economy (Grant No. 2007-E-CM11-P-13-0-000) and Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST, No. 2011-0028075).
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