Case reportPleural hemangioma: A case report and review of the literature
Introduction
Hemangiomas are benign tumors of the vasculature, usually seen in early childhood, commonly presenting on skin, subcutaneous tissue and liver [1]. Pleural hemangiomas are exceedingly rare and tend to present with recurrent pleural effusions. Reviewing the existing literature, we have identified 2 cases of pleural hemangioma and 3 cases that would also meet the definition of pleural hemangioma. Here we report one additional case of a middle-aged female with recurrent pleural effusion caused by a pleural hemangioma. In addition, we have compiled this data to observe shared features of presentation.
Section snippets
Case report
A 47-year-old nonsmoker female with a history of total thyroidectomy due to multinodular goiter and Hashimoto disease, as well as chronic vitamin B12 deficiency, presented with four months of palpitations during exercise followed by two months of frank exertional dyspnea. There was no history of heart disease or tuberculosis. Additionally, there was no family history of autoimmunity. Her only medications were levothyroxine and parenteral cyanocobalamin.
On physical examination, her vitals were
Discussion
Hemangiomas are benign neoplasms of vascular origin, putatively due to genetic abnormalities leading to an imbalance of proangiogenic factors and inhibitors to vascular genesis, proliferation and development [2]. Upon biopsy, they can be distinguished by size of the increased vasculature between capillary and cavernous hemangiomas, as well presence of abnormal endothelial cells and mitoses [3].
A PubMed search for articles pertaining to pleural hemangioma was performed (Fig. 4). Articles with
CRediT authorship contribution Statement
The authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. No funding was received for the preparation of the manuscript. BMJ: Writing – original draft, Investigation; GB: Resources, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Visualization; BS: Resources, Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization, Supervision; AAA: Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision.
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Cited by (0)
- 1
ORCID 0000–0003-3127–4293
- 2
ORCID 0000–0003-3862–2086
- 3
ORCID 0000–0002-0202–9486
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ORCID 0000–0002-6612–3279