Basic Science of Autologous Orthobiologics: Part 2. Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Key points

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    Various autologous orthobiologics methods are used for treating many different musculoskeletal pathologies.

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    None of the bone marrow concentrate and adipose tissue concentrate products are created equal, resulting in potentially different outcome results, with no consensus on standardization and validation.

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    Mesenchymal stem cell-based preparations have the potential to regulate immunomodulation, lessen pain, repair traumatized and degenerative tissue structures, and improve function.

What are stem cells?

Becker and colleagues1 conducted experiments that lead to the discovery of stem cells in 1963. After injecting BM cells into irradiated mice, nodules developed in proportion to the number of BM cells injected, and they concluded that each nodule arose from a single marrow cell. At a later stage, they produced evidence that these cells were capable of endless self-renewal, which is as we know now, a fundamental feature of stem cells. A stem cell is a type of cell that is nonspecific and thus not

Clinics care points

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    The bone marrow niche is a dynamic and complex milieu containing a large variety of cells, including MSC's and their progenitors, platelets, leukocytes, and HSC lineages.

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    The posterior superior iliac spine (PSISI) is an ideal anatomical site for bone marrow extraction with potentially high MSC counts.

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    Two-spin density gradient centrifugation techniques facilitate the production of high cellular yields in bone marrow concentrate (BMC) injectates.

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    Bone marrow concentrate and adipose tissue complex

Disclosure

P.A. Everts is also acting Chief Scientific Officer of EmCyte Corporation.

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