Original ArticleUsing Yoga Nidra Recordings for Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy
Section snippets
Background
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that provides a visual diagnosis and an opportunity to perform a biopsy or removal of lesions from the colon, but the insertion of the scope or stretching of the mesentery can be unpleasant and painful. Colonoscopy pain is generally considered procedure related and visceral. Although sedation for patients undergoing colonoscopy is the standard practice in Western countries, unsedated colonoscopies are still a routine practice in some European and Eastern
Research Design
This study employed a quasiexperimental design. Consecutive patients were recruited on a voluntary basis and assigned to one of three groups according to their wishes when they made their colonoscopy appointments. Group 1 was a no treatment control group, group 2 was delivered relaxing music (Bechtold et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2010, Harikumar et al., 2006, Yinger and Gooding, 2015), and group 3 was delivered a yoga nidra recording. A research assistant who was blinded collected the
Results
During the study period, 144 subjects were allocated to 3 groups. Thirty-one eligible subjects were excluded from the final analysis due to incomplete data collection (the nursing staff were too busy with clinical duties) or because they declined to participate for other reasons. Of the remaining 113 subjects included in the study, 38 were assigned to the control group, 35 to the music group, and 40 to the yoga nidra group. There were no procedure-related complications in any of the three
Discussion
The current study explored the effectiveness of a yoga nidra recording for pain management in patients undergoing colonoscopy. As hypothesized, the yoga nidra recording reduced colonoscopy pain and provided more positive psychological and physiologic effects than relaxation music.
Conclusion
In summary, both the yoga nidra recording and music were found to reduce patient pain during colonoscopy. The yoga nidra recording was the highest rated and tolerated among the three groups. Therefore, these results provide evidence of the benefits of using yoga nidra as an alternative/complementary therapy for pain management in patients undergoing colonoscopy.
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Funding: There are no financial considerations related to this study.
Acknowledgments: For their invaluable assistance, the authors would like to thank the entire operating and recovery room staff and the nursing staff at the endoscopy center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Sharon R. Redding for her assistance with reviewing and editing the manuscript.
Author Contributions: Conceived and designed the experiments: Yan-Qiong Ouyang, Bilong Feng, and Lijun Li. Performed the experiments: Lijun Li, Bilong Feng, Quanyan Liu, and Haitao Wang. Analyzed the data: Lijun Li, Wen Shu, and Bilong Feng. Wrote the paper: Lijun Li. Critical revision of the manuscript: Yan-Qiong Ouyang and Zhen Li.
Conflict of Interest: None declared.
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Both authors contributed equally to this article.