Original ArticleIncreased Nighttime Blood Pressure in Patients with Glaucoma: Cross-sectional Analysis of the LIGHT Study
Section snippets
Methods
The procedures were approved by the ethics committee of Nara Medical University and conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and participants after an explanation of the procedures and possible complications. This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (identifier, UMIN000027299).
Results
The mean age ± standard deviation age of the glaucoma patients was 71.0±11.2 years and that of those without glaucoma was 70.8±6.8 years. The number of men with glaucoma was 52 (47.7%) and the number of men without glaucoma was 339 (47.8%). Glaucoma was associated significantly with low eGFR, low BCVA in the worse eye, high myopia, and history of cataract surgery. A nondipper pattern was associated significantly with older age, use of antihypertensive drugs, low levels of eGFR, and low BCVA (
Discussion
The results showed that the nighttime systolic BP, the lowest systolic BP, and the prevalence of the nondipper pattern were significantly higher in the glaucoma group than the control group. The strength of our study is the large sample size with 109 in the glaucoma group and 708 in the healthy control group without glaucoma.
An earlier observational study of 51 glaucoma patients and 28 healthy controls showed that there is no significant difference in the nighttime systolic BP in the 2 groups
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Michiru Higuchi, Etsuko Inoue, Tomoko Moriguchi, and Yumiko Sakata for their help and data collection.
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Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have made the following disclosure(s): T.Y.: Financial support – Novartis Pharma (Tokyo, Japan), Alcon (Tokyo, Japan).
K.O.: Financial support – YKK AP, Inc (Tokyo, Japan), Ushio, Inc (Tokyo, Japan), Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tokyo, Japan), EnviroLife Research Institute Co, Ltd (Tokyo, Japan), Sekisui Chemical Co, Ltd (Osaka, Japan), LIXIL Corp (Tokyo, Japan), KYOCERA Corp (Kyoto, Japan).
K.S.: Financial support – YKK AP, Inc (Tokyo, Japan), Ushio, Inc (Tokyo, Japan), Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tokyo, Japan), EnviroLife Research Institute Co, Ltd (Tokyo, Japan), Sekisui Chemical Co, Ltd (Osaka, Japan), LIXIL Corp (Tokyo, Japan), KYOCERA Corp (Kyoto, Japan).
The LIGHT (Longitudinal Study of Biological Circadian Rhythms in Glaucoma Patients: Home Testing of Circadian Intraocular Pressure and Biological Parameters) study was supported by the Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation (Tokyo, Japan); Osaka Gas Group Welfare Foundation (Osaka, Japan); and Nara Medical University Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Nara, Japan). The HEIJO-KYO study was supported by the Department of Indoor Environmental Medicine, Nara Medical University (Nara, Japan); JSPS KAKENHI (grant nos.: 24790774, 22790567, 25860447, 25461393, 15H04776, and 10124877); Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation (Tokyo, Japan); Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare (Tokyo, Japan); Osaka Gas Group Welfare Foundation (Osaka, Japan); Japan Diabetes Foundation (Tokyo, Japan); Daiwa Securities Health Foundation (Tokyo, Japan); Japan Science and Technology Agency (Saitama, Japan); Nara Prefecture Health Promotion Foundation (Nara, Japan); and Nara Medical University Grant-in-Aid for Collaborative Research Projects (Nara, Japan). The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research.
HUMAN SUBJECTS: Human subjects were included in this study. The human ethics committees at Nara Medical University approved the study. All research adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent.
No animal subjects were included in this study.
Author Contributions:
Conception and design: Yoshikawa, Obayashi, Miyata, Saeki
Analysis and interpretation: Yoshikawa, Obayashi
Data collection: Yoshikawa, Obayashi, Miyata, Saeki
Obtained funding: Yoshikawa, Obayashi, Saeki
Overall responsibility: Yoshikawa, Obayashi, Ogata