Violation of Fourier's law and anomalous heat diffusion in silicon nanowires

doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2010.02.002

Nano Today

Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2010, Pages 85-90

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Summary

We study heat conduction and diffusion in silicon nanowires (SiNWs) systematically by using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. It is found that the thermal conductivity (κ) of SiNWs diverges with the length as, κ ∝ L^β, even when the length is up to 1.1 μm which is much longer than the phonon mean free path. The dependences of β on temperature and length are also discussed. Moreover, an anomalous heat diffusion is observed which is believed to be responsible for the length dependent thermal conductivity. Our results provide strong evidence that Fourier's law of heat conduction is not valid in low-dimensional nanostructures.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by an ARF grant, R-144-000-203-112, from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Singapore and grant R-144-000-222-646 from the National University of Singapore.

Nuo Yang is a visiting student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at MIT. He earned his B.S. degree in applied physics from the University of Science & Technology of China (2000), his M.E. in accelerator physics from the Chinese Academy of Science (2003), and he is a Ph.D candidate in National University of Singapore. His research is focused on thermoelectrics and thermal transport in low-dimensional structures and thermal interface materials.

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Dr. Gang Zhang is a senior research engineer at the Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore. He graduated in physics from Tsinghua University, where he also received his Ph.D. in 2002. After his Ph.D., he worked at National University of Singapore (2002–2004). Before joining IME, he was a post-doctoral fellow at Stanford University (2004–2006). His research is focused on the energy transfer and harvesting in nanostructured materials.

Prof. Baowen Li received his B.Sc. (1985) from Nanjing University, M.Sc. (1989) from Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Dr.rer.nat degree in 1992 from Universitat of Oldenburg. He joined NUS in 2000 as an assistant professor, and promoted to associate professor in 2003 and full professor in 2007. He is currently Executive Director of NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, and Director of Centre for Computational Science and Engineering. His research interests include but not limited to heat conduction in low-dimensional systems, complex networks and systems biology, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, waves propagation and scattering in random/turbulent media, etc.

¹: Current address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

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Rapid communicationViolation of Fourier's law and anomalous heat diffusion in silicon nanowires

Summary

Section snippets

Acknowledgements

Physica B

Solid State Commun.

J. Chem. Phys.

J. Chem. Phys.

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Phys. Rev. B

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Adv. Phys.

Phys. Rev. Lett.

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

Phys. Rev. E

Phys. Rev. E

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Phys. Rev. E

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Nano Lett.

Phys. Rev. B

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Violation of Fourier's law and anomalous heat diffusion in silicon nanowires