Nanotechnology derived natural poly bio-silver nanoparticles as a potential alternate biomaterial to protect against human pathogens
Graphical abstract
Introduction
Traditional plant based Indian medicine has a legacy for the development of drugs for treating various ailments. Polybio medicine plays a vital role through imparting its medicinal property through synergistic effect by increasing pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics properties. The combination of many herbs targets multiple sites at the same time to provoke its action [1]. By utilizing ancient herbal knowledge, we can develop polybio based nano products with antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer activities [2].
In Ayurveda, the combination of black pepper, long pepper and ginger together known as “Trikatu”. The bioavailability of Trikatu, makes the formulation very efficient in treating several diseases, by reducing the drug dosage and toxicity [1]. Trikatu is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, terpenes, terpenoids, saponins etc. which posses medicinal properties [3], [4].
Green silver nanoparticles are reported as very effective antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, wound dressing agents. With the emergence of biofilm producing antibiotic resistant strains, these Poly bio-silver nanoparticles (PBSNp) can be used as an alternative to antibiotics [5]. The presence of various phytocompounds with different chemical structures incorporated inside the nanoparticles act against pathogenic strains, which can overcome the drawback of antibiotics [6]. Hence, in this study Nanotechnology derived natural PBSNp has been formulated from Trikatu extract, as a potential alternate biomaterial to protect against human pathogens.
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Poly bio-silver nanoparticles synthesized from Trikatu extract (PBSNp) [3] is physio-chemically characterized by using UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM-EDAX, HRTEM, SAED and XRD to understand the shape, footprints of functional group, size, microscopic structure, elemental composition and crystallinity of PBSNp [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].
The antibacterial activity of the PBSNp with various concentrations was evaluated against E. coli ATCC (25922) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC (35657)
Results and discussion
The synthesis of poly bio-colloids from Trikatu (PBSNp) was visually confirmed through colour change from yellowish to dark brown (Fig. 1a). The UV Visible spectrum shows peak at 450 nm, which confirms the synthesis of nanoparticles in bio- colloidal solution (Fig. 1b), which is an unique feature of silver nanoparticles [14] with free electrons and their vibrations which generate surface plasmon resonance band. The compounds which were present in Trikatu extract played an important role in
Conclusion
In recent years, emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of E. coli and K. pneumonia, lead to increase the rate of hospital acquired infection which is difficult to treat. Poly bio-silver nanoparticles showed effective antibacterial activity against Gram Negative organisms including E. coli and K. pneumoniae. PBSNp can be developed as a safer biomaterial to protect against the infection caused by these pathogens. Further research on developing various PBSNp based biomaterials to incorporate
CRediT authorship contribution statement
S. Ranjani: Writing – reviewing & editing, performed experiments and analyzed data. Abdul Matheen: Writing, performed experiments. Antony Jenish A: Writing, performed experiments. S. Hemalatha: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision and writing.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology (KIRAN Division), New Delhi. India (Ref No. DST/WOS-B/2018/1583-HFN (G) and AUN/SEED/JICA\SPRAC (SN042/MI.KU/2020).
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