The corrosion inhibition and adsorption behavior of Uncaria gambir extract on mild steel in 1 M HCl

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.10.032

Materials Chemistry and Physics

Volume 125, Issue 3, 15 February 2011, Pages 461-468

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.10.032 Get rights and content

Abstract

The inhibitive effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Uncaria gambir on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution has been investigated by weight loss measurement as well as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The presence of this catechin-containing extract reduces remarkably the corrosion rate of mild steel in acidic solution. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel was studied in the range of 303–333 K. The results from this corrosion test clearly reveal that the extract behaves as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor with the highest inhibition at 1000 ppm. Surface analyses via scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows a significant improvement on the surface morphology of the mild steel plate. Linearity of Langmuir isotherm adsorptions indicated the monolayer formation of inhibitor on mild steel surface.

Introduction

Uncaria gambir, a native of Southeast Asia herbal plant, can be found mostly in countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia [1]. It has been widely used as an astringent medicine for treatment of spongy gums, tooth acne, diarrheas and sore throat [2]. Besides for chewing, it is also taken in large quantities in the west for tanning, calico printing and dyeing purposes [3]. Previous study showed that gambir consists mostly of flavan monomer, which is (+)-catechin and (+)-epicatechin and alkaloids [4]. Research paper done by Hayani in 2003 stated that more than 80% of gambir constituents are catechin [1]. Catechin (Fig. 1), is a group of flavonoids (C₆–C₃–C₆) that are mostly found in fruits and plants such as tea leaves, wine and potatoes [5]. Interestingly, catechin exhibits an anti-oxidative activity that stops the oxidation of carcinogenesis in the external and internal organs [6], [7], [8], deterioration process and discoloration [9]. Despite all these, there are only few studies that have been done on the corrosion behavior of metals in the presence of catechin.

Corrosion affects most of industrial sector and may cost billions of dollars each year for preventing and replacement of maintenance [10]. The use of inhibitors is one of the most effective ways to prevent corrosion. Corrosion inhibitors will reduce the rate of either anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction or both. This will give us anodic, cathodic or mixed type of inhibition. Most of the potential corrosion inhibitor posses an active functional group such as nitro (–NO₂) and hydroxyl (–OH), heterocyclic compound and π electron [11], [12], [13].

In an attempt to find corrosion inhibitors which are environmentally safe and readily available, there has been a growing trend in the use of natural products such as leaves or plants extract as corrosion inhibitors for metals in acid cleaning process [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the inhibitive effect of ethyl acetate extract of U. gambir as a green corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. The assessment of the corrosion behavior was studied using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the morphology of inhibited mild steel surface was analyzed via scanning electron microscope (SEM). On the other hand, thermodynamic data were obtained from adsorption isotherms and Arrhenius plot.

Section snippets

Preparation of gambir extract

Raw materials of gambir were purchased from Medan, Indonesia were ground into fine powder and sieved through a 50 μm filter. Parts from this gambir (5.0 g) were dissolved in 90 °C distilled water (100 mL). The aqueous extract of gambir was shaken at 200 rpm for 1 h. Then it was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged for 5 min to obtain a clear solution. The undissolved gambir was removed by filtering them through vacuum filter and the mother liquors were treated with n-hexane (50 mL) three

Weight loss measurement

The non-electrochemical technique of weight loss was done in order to determine the corrosion rate and percentage of inhibition. This physical measurement will provides direct answer on how the corrosive environments affect the test samples and also show to us the average corrosion rate during the experiment. Table 1 shows the inhibition efficiency of mild steel with and without the addition of different concentrations of gambir extract determined after 24 h at room temperature. It has been

Conclusions

•
Ethyl acetate U. gambir extracts exhibit corrosion inhibition properties for mild steel in 1 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency for all electrochemical tests and weight loss measurements were in good agreement at the concentration of 1000 ppm but decreases with the increase of temperature.
•
Potentiondynamic polarization measurements demonstrate that gambir extract acts as a mixed-type inhibition with anodic as its dominant.
•
The adsorption of catechin on the mild steel surface follows the Langmuir

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Universiti Sains Malaysia for the financial support given through the USM Short Term Grant Scheme (304/PKIMIA/635055) and the RU-USM-Postgraduate Research Grant Scheme (1001/PKIMIA/831016).

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The corrosion inhibition and adsorption behavior of Uncaria gambir extract on mild steel in 1 M HCl

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Preparation of gambir extract

Weight loss measurement

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces

Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.

Mater. Lett.

Corros. Sci.

Appl. Surf. Sci.

Mater. Lett.

Corros. Sci.

Corros. Sci.

Corros. Sci.

Electrochim. Acta

Corros. Sci.

Electrochim. Acta

Corros. Sci.

Bull. Teknik Pertanian

Medicinal Plant of East and Southeast Asia

The Dispensatory of the United States of America

Yakugaku Zasshi

Carcinogenesis

Pancreas

Bioresourse Technol.

Corrosion Engineering Principles and Practice

Corrosion: Understanding The Basic

Corrosion of Linings and Coatings, Cathodic and Inhibition Protection and Corrosion Monitering