Applied methodologySelenium speciation profiles in biofortified sangiovese wine
Introduction
The Mediterranean diet has become the reference diet for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, owing to the fact that the major proportion of daily calories comes from plant food, high in antioxidant polyphenols. Red wine seems to be an essential component of the diet, since moderate consumption of wine is associated with lower risk and mortality from cardiovascular disease. These hypothetical health benefits seems to be due to polyphenols in wine, especially red wine. Evidence is also accumulating that wine helps prevent also the development of certain cancers, because of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols but their bioavailability is quite low [1].
This research aims to broaden the knowledge on the possibility of producing functional wines rich in beneficial effects to human health, by using selenium (Se) as a fortifying element capable of increasing the antioxidant properties of wine, instead of resveratrol. Se is an element found in the soil, and it naturally appears in water and some foods. Se brings benefits effects in humans, such as prevention of several cancers, benefits in immune system [2] and some protection against the aging process and cardiovascular diseases [3]. Also Se-containing compounds like Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMeSeCys), γ −glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine (GGMeSeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet) are chemoprotective agents, reducing the incidence of different cancers in model systems [4], [5], [6], [7].
Because of the fact that Se content of most of foods is very low, the Se requirement of the body can be satisfied with dietary supplements, while, on the other hand, with Se-enriched foods [8]. It is also important to know not only the total amount of Se in foods but also the chemical forms in which Se is presented, to obtain precise information about the Se benefits. Actually the most dietary Se is adsorbed efficiently but the organic forms is more retrained for further bioactivity (e.g protein incorporation) than that of inorganic Se forms [9], [10].
Section snippets
Plant treatment
The research was carried out in Central Italy (Torgiano (PG), about 220 m a.s.l., 12°43′ E longitude, 43° 02′N latitude). At the mid May before flowering, 21 randomly-selected trees of Sangiovese vineyard were sprayed with a solution containing 100 mg L−1 of Se, obtained by dissolving sodium selenate (Sigma-Aldrich cod. S0882–25 g) in water. For each treatment, 0.5% of the wetting agent “Albamilagro” was added. On the other hand, seven randomly selected ‘control’ trees were sprayed with a water
Recovery test and statistical analysis
The Se accumulation capability of these plants was very high from leaves, grapes to wine, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) with untreated categories.
The recovery of total selenium, spiked into the samples the mixture of Se-enriched sample and nitric acid prior to digestion, was 96.4%. For the Se species determination, the recovery test was performed in two experimental parts: sample extraction method and determination through the proposed anion exchange HPLC analysis. The results showed
Conclusion
The functional food industry, consisting of food, beverage and supplement sectors, is one of the several areas of the food industry that is experiencing fast growth in recent years. This kind of growth is fuelled not only by industrial innovation and development of new products that satisfy the demand of health conscious consumers, but also by health claims covering a wide range of health issues. Roman Viñas et al. [29] declared an inadequate intake of Se in more than 20% of the European
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the reviewers and editor of this article for taking the time to provide valuable suggestions and feedback.
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2024, Science of the Total EnvironmentFoliar application is an effective method for incorporating selenium into peanut leaf proteins with antioxidant activities
2019, Food Research InternationalCitation Excerpt :As shown in Fig. 1c, the proportion of protein Se to total Se increased from 7.6% to 66.0% for soil enrichment and then decreased to 39.1%. A high proportion of protein Se to total Se (approximately 75–80%) was maintained with leaf enrichment at different concentrations of sodium selenite, indicating that foliar application was an effective method to incorporate Se into the selenoproteins of peanut leaves, which is similar to the situation of grape leaves (Fontanella et al., 2017). However, the situation is quite different for rice leaves, in which root irrigation is a better method for Se accumulation (Yin et al., 2019).
Fate of selenium in soil: A case study in a maize (Zea mays L.) field under two irrigation regimes and fertilized with sodium selenite
2019, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :However, as reported by Kikkert and Berkelaar (2013) also organic forms of Se such as seleno–methionione and seleno–cysteine are readly available for plants. In agricultural systems Se fertilization has been shown to increase Se concentrations in crops grown in soils with low plant available Se concentrations (Broadley et al., 2006; Businelli et al., 2015; Fontanella et al., 2017). Sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) are the main Se containing fertilizers used in agriculture (Lavu et al., 2012; Stroud et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2013b).
Protein-selenized enriched breads
2019, Flour and Breads and Their Fortification in Health and Disease PreventionUse of Selenium-enriched olive leaves in the feed of growing rabbits: Effect on oxidative status, mineral profile and Selenium speciation of Longissimus dorsi meat
2019, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and BiologyAdvances in selenium-enriched foods: From the farm to the fork
2018, Trends in Food Science and TechnologyCitation Excerpt :For example, in test bakes with UK-grown wheat, 77% and 90% of the Se in the grain was retained in white and wholemeal breads, respectively(Hart et al., 2011); flour derived from Spanish Se-enriched wheat, retained 72% of the initial Se in the grain(Poblaciones, Santamaría, García-White, & Rodrigo, 2014). Foliar application is an agronomic-based strategy utilized by farmers, the foliar exposure route application ensures a high efficiency of Se assimilation by the plant since it does not depend on root-to-shoot translocation(Fontanella et al., 2017). Fontanella et al. found that, compared with untreated group, the treated grapes in the pre-flowering period with sodium selenate (100 mg Se L−1) had a higher amount of Se in the treated leaves at harvest, the treated ones had a content of Se of 0.800 ± 0.08 mg/kg dry weight(dw), while that untreated ones was 0.065 ± 0.025 mg/kg dw(Fontanella et al., 2017).