ReviewIron metabolism in obesity: How interaction between homoeostatic mechanisms can interfere with their original purpose. Part I: Underlying homoeostatic mechanisms of energy storage and iron metabolisms and their interaction
Section snippets
Obesity and inflammation
Worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity, as defined e.g. by a Body-Mass-Index (BMI) in excess of 25 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2, respectively, has gained pandemic dimensions. Literature suggests that the increase in prevalence relates to a sedentary life-style and improved food security in an increasing number of countries and for increasing fractions of the population. On the one hand, these changes reflect marvelous successes in the attempt to avoid undernutrition and famine. On the other hand,
Essential functions of iron
Iron has the rare ability to oscillate between the divalent and trivalent state. On the one hand, after integration in the prosthetic groups of enzymes and regulatory proteins, this feature permits iron to transfer electrons and makes iron essential for a considerable number of biological key-functions. Among these are oxygen transport by hemoglobin, cellular ATP-synthesis by cytochrome C and aconitase, and synthesis of DNA by ribonucleotide-reductase. Leukotriene synthesis is catalyzed by
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest.
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Cited by (29)
Content of essential and toxic trace elements in organs of obese Wistar and Zucker lepr<sup>fa</sup> rats receiving quercetin
2021, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and BiologyCitation Excerpt :The observed correlation dependences between the bioaccumulations of a large number of essential and toxic elements in rat organs during obesity are consistent with known data from the literature [11]. This indicates the complex nature of the processes that underlie the homeostasis of mineral substances, which occur at the level of competition of mineral ions for transport systems and binding sites, and apparently also at the level of gene expression [35–37]. The negative correlation of the liver accumulation of Fe, Se, V, and Mg with indicators that characterize the level of anabolic processes (lipids, plasma proteins) and positive correlation with an indicator of increased catabolism (De Ritis Ratio) are also notable.
A mitophagic response to iron overload-induced oxidative damage associated with the PINK1/Parkin pathway in pancreatic beta cells
2020, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and BiologyCitation Excerpt :When overloaded, although it is essential, iron can also harm the body, since there is no adequate physiological mechanism in place to excrete excessive iron. Iron overload can increase the factors comprising the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia and diabetes [1,2]. For example, thalassemia, a significant disease that succeeds iron overload, is associated with continuous hemolysis, requires frequent transfusion and increases the risk of diabetes.
Iron status at opposite ends of the menstrual function spectrum
2019, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and BiologyCitation Excerpt :Low energy availability, defined as energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure [69], triggers biological conservation of energy, such as reproductive suppression resulting in EAMD [32]. Low energy availability may also result in iron conservation, given that obesity (a state of high energy availability) affects iron metabolism [70,71]. Lastly, it should be determined if progesterone and estradiol exposure are associated with iron status indices, given that these hormones regulate hepcidin [72,73].
Benefits of selenium, magnesium, and zinc in obesity and metabolic syndrome
2018, Obesity: Oxidative Stress and Dietary AntioxidantsInduction of copper and iron in acute cold-stimulated brown adipose tissues
2017, Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsCitation Excerpt :All this evidence demonstrated the key role of Cu in lipid metabolism. Comparably, the interaction among iron metabolism, adipocyte inflammation and obesity has been well established [2,8,9], and cytosolic aconitase (ACO1) activity plays a critical role to link iron metabolism and adipogenesis [10]. As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue has been demonstrated to play central roles not only in energy balance and glucose homeostasis, but also in other important biological functions, such as reproduction, development, and metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes.