Shock/Sepsis/Trauma/Critical CareProtective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine Pretreatment on Acute Kidney Injury in Septic Rats
Section snippets
Background
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol donor compound, is a precursor to various antioxidants in the human body.1 NAC has a variety of biological functions, mainly involved in the decomposition of peroxides in the body and the storage of cellular glutathione.2 In addition, NAC has the functions of scavenging oxygen free radicals, antioxidation, regulating cell metabolism, preventing DNA damage, anti-inflammatory effects, and regulating gene expression and various signaling pathways.3 When the body is
Animal models and grouping
Male Sprague–Dawley rats, 10-12 wk old, 300-400 g body weight, were purchased from the Animal Experimental Center of Zhejiang University. We used CLP to construct a rat model of sepsis. The specific procedures were as follows: isoflurane anesthesia, midline laparotomy, needle tip puncture cecum, tip ligation, and stitching incision. In the control group, the steps were as same as CLP except for perforation and ligation. According to the experimental needs, we randomly divided the rats into four
Changes in kidney histopathology and function
To investigate the protective effect of NAC on AKI induced by CLP, we evaluated kidney pathologic damage and renal function changes in each group. Consistent with previous studies,14 the glomeruli, tubules, and blood vessels were clear and normal in rats in the control and control + NAC group, and we found that compared with the control group, rats in CLP group, with kidney tubular epithelial cells shed, glomerular rupture, interstitial mass filled with inflammatory cells (Fig. 1A), kidney
Discussion
NAC as a sulfur-containing compound is a precursor of intracellular glutathione and has the functions of scavenging free radicals, regulating immunity, antiapoptosis, and antioxidation.15 In the present study, we aimed at investigating the protective effect of NAC pretreatment on AKI induced by CLP. We found that NAC pretreatment significantly attenuated kidney pathologic damage and improved renal function, the specific molecular biological mechanisms were closely related to its
Conclusion
NAC pretreatment protects CLP-induced AKI, which significantly reduces renal tissue pathologic damage and improves kidney function. More importantly, NAC pretreatment regulates the balance of inflammatory response, reduces oxidative stress levels, decreases the number of apoptosis, and improves mitochondrial function and activity.
Acknowledgment
Not applicable.
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Authors’ contributions: Heng Fan and Jian-wei Le did the experiments, collected the data, interpreted the data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Heng Fan and Jian-hua Zhu participated in conception, design, and providing critical revisions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supplementary data: All the data supporting are contained within the manuscript. Detailed data could also be obtained from corresponding author.