Basic ScienceEffect of kartogenin-loaded gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel scaffold with bone marrow stimulation for enthesis healing in rotator cuff repair
Section snippets
KGN-loaded GelMA hydrogel scaffold fabrication
Methacrylation of gelatin was performed using a previously reported method to obtain gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA).19 Briefly, 20 g of type A gelatin (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) was mixed at 20% (w/v) into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 60°C and stirred until fully dissolved. Methacrylic anhydride (16 mL; Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the gelatin solution at a rate of 0.5 mL/min under stirred conditions at 50°C and allowed to react for 1 hour. Following a 5× dilution with Dulbecco's
Structural characterization and degradation of the KGN-loaded GelMA hydrogel scaffold
The KGN-loaded GelMA hydrogel scaffold scanning electron microscope images show that the scaffold has a porous network with an average pore size of 60.4 ± 28.2 μm (Fig. 1). It degraded slowly in PBS solution, and the degradation was approximately 48% on the 9th day and approximately 95% on the 18th day. When incubated in collagenase, the scaffold degraded quickly and was thoroughly degraded after 18 hours (Fig. 2).
In vitro KGN release from the KGN-loaded GelMA hydrogel scaffold
To determine KGN release in vitro, we performed a 7-day release test. KGN was
Discussion
This study investigated the effects of KGN-loaded GelMA hydrogel scaffolds with bone marrow stimulation on enthesis healing after RC repair in rabbits. The results of this study confirmed that KGN-loaded GelMA hydrogel scaffolds with bone marrow stimulation can enhance enthesis healing and promote better outcomes than bone marrow stimulation alone.
MSCs can differentiate into various musculoskeletal tissue types, including osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes, and secrete bioactive
Conclusions
The KGN-loaded GelMA hydrogel scaffolds with bone marrow stimulation improved enthesis healing, characterized by more fibrocartilage formation and improved mechanical properties. The scaffold could act as a bridge between the repaired tendon and bone bed and would be a suitable scaffold for the clinical enhancement of enthesis healing.
Disclaimer
The authors, their immediate families, and any research foundations with which they are affiliated have not received any financial payments or other benefits from any commercial entity related to the subject of this article.
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2023, Bioactive MaterialsCitation Excerpt :Although the GelMA was sufficiently crosslinked by UV irradiation, nearly 81% of the KGN was released within 12 h, caused by the generally high swelling and degradation rates of Gelatine-based hydrogels. However, the KGN-loaded GelMA hydrogel scaffolds with bone marrow stimulation enhanced healing tendon-to-bone insertion, identified by more fibrocartilage formation and better mechanical properties [66]. Silk.
Evaluation of patches for rotator cuff repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on animal studies
2022, Bioactive MaterialsCitation Excerpt :However, for patients with large-area rotator cuff injury, factors including injury area [13], patient age [14], injury time [15], tendon quality [16], tendon atrophy and fatty infiltration [17–19], as well as removal of suture anchor after surgery, rupture of suture materials, slippage of surgical knot, tendon cutting, or tears in a new position [20,21] may cause problems in the tendon-bone interface, such as difficulty in healing or formation of fibrovascular scar tissue interface. As a result, the new fibrous vascular tissue lacks the gradient mineral distribution and continuity of collagen fiber [22], and cannot recover to the original tissue structure and biomechanical properties, leading to the failure rate of rotator cuff repair between 20% and 95% [2,23,24]. Although different repair strategies, fixation schemes and postoperative rehabilitation methods have been used [25–28], it still remains a great clinical challenge to reduce the failure rate of rotator cuff repair.
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2021, Chemical Engineering JournalCitation Excerpt :In terms of molecular structure, it has Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequence on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) hydrolysis site, so it strongly supports cell adhesion and proliferation. The electrospun hydrogel fiber of GelMA has excellent characteristics of both fiber and hydrogel[24,25]. However, GelMA hydrogel fiber shows poor performance in strength and sound transmission, so it is difficult to be used as the best repair material for TM.
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The animal experiment in this study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Jiaxing University (JUMC2019-048).