ShoulderFrozen shoulder: a consensus definition
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Surveys were sent by standard mail to 211 clinician members of ASES. Three weeks after the initial mailing, a second survey was sent to those members who had not responded in an effort to maximize the response. A third mailing was sent a further 3 weeks later to all nonresponders for the same reason.
Results
We sent 211 questionnaires to the clinician members of ASES. Those members who were primarily involved in basic science research and were not clinicians were not included in this survey. Of the 211 members who received the survey, 138 responded to the first mailing, 36 responded to the second mailing, and 16 responded to the third mailing, for a total of 190 responses and a response rate of 90%. Not all of the questions had been answered on some of the returned questionnaires. This represented
Discussion
Since Duplay7 described painful stiffening of the shoulder, which he termed “humeroscapular periarthritis,” many articles and chapters have been published that address the definition, etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of frozen shoulder.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 The review of a selected number of these articles,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25 as well as textbooks,14, 23
Conclusion
The true value of the classification system can only be determined when it is used, and time will tell whether this classification system will be used. However, our goal in using this consensus approach was to obtain the valuable input of shoulder specialists so that the classification proposed would be more readily accepted and used. Time will determine whether we have been successful.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the contributions of Arash Araghi, DO, and Frances Cuomo, MD, and the editorial assistance of Jim Madden.
Disclaimer
The authors, their immediate families, and any research foundations with which they are affiliated have not received any financial payments or other benefits from any commercial entity related to the subject of this article.
References (25)
- et al.
Manipulation for frozen shoulder: long term results
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
(2005) - et al.
Long-term outcome of frozen shoulder
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
(2008) - et al.
Nonoperative management of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
(2007) - et al.
Nonoperative management of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: oral cortisone application versus intra-articular cortisone injections
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
(2010) - et al.
Frozen shoulder
Semin Arthritis Rheum
(1982) - et al.
Frozen shoulder: current concepts
Scand J Rheumatol
(1990) - et al.
Frozen shoulder: a long-term prospective study
Ann Rheum Dis
(1984) Periarthritis of the shoulder and diabetes mellitus
Ann Rheum Dis
(1972)The shoulder: rupture of the supraspinatus tendon and other lessons in and about the subacromial bursae
(1934)Loss of scapulohumeral motion (frozen shoulder)
Ann Surg
(1952)