Anesthesia/facial painAssociation Between Polymorphisms in the Genes of Estrogen Receptors and the Presence of Temporomandibular Disorders and Chronic Arthralgia
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive cross-sectional randomized study that was approved on May 30, 2013 by the research ethics committee of the Salgado de Oliveira University (Niterói, RJ, Brazil; opinion number 286.354). Free and informed consent was obtained from participants in writing before conducting the research. Recommendations from the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)27 statement were followed for the design and development of this study.
Study subjects
Clinical Findings: Prevalence of TMD and Other Arthralgia
Of 337 volunteers evaluated during a 2-year period, 212 were included in the study. Of these, 58 (32 women [55.2%] and 26 men [44.8%]) had TMDs and other arthralgia. Of the TMD subgroups, 42 (33%) had only muscular disorders and 16 (12.5%) had only joint disorders. The group without TMD but with other chronic joint pain (n = 82) was composed of 52 women (63.4%) and 30 men (36.6%). The control group was composed of 72 participants (39 women [54.2%] and 33 men [45.8%]) without articular symptoms
Discussion
The function of estrogen in the development and perpetuation of chronic pain based on genomic mechanisms (determined by their interaction with nuclear ER-α and ER-β) and non-genomic mechanisms (involving G protein-coupled receptors)4 has been extensively explored. However, the high prevalence of osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women raised interest in how such receptors might act not only in the perception and processing of painful stimuli33 but also in the homeostasis of articular tissues.34
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Financial support of this work was provided by the School of Medicine of Petrópolis.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None of the authors have a relevant financial relationship(s) with a commercial interest.