Basic ResearchThe Starvation Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus faecalis in Coexistence with Candida albicans, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces viscosus, or Lactobacillus acidophilus
Section snippets
Bacterial Culture
E. faecalis ATCC 29212, C. albicans ATCC 90028, L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, A. viscosus ATCC 15987, and S. gordonii ATCC 10558 were used in this study. The bacteria were streaked from a frozen stock culture onto their respective plates at 37°C for 48 hours. E. faecalis, A. viscosus, and S. gordonii were grown on brain-heart infusion agar (BHI; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI) plates; C. albicans were grown on yeast peptone dextrose agar (Difco) plates; and L. acidophilus were grown on de Man,
Antibacterial Assay
Vancomycin and cefuroxime sodium showed different antibacterial activities against E. faecalis, C. albicans, L. acidophilus, A. viscosus, and S. gordonii (Table 1).
Dual-species Resistance to Starvation
At 1 and 2 days of starvation, no significant difference was found between the survival rates of E. faecalis in dual species and alone (P > .05). E. faecalis generated greater resistance to starvation in the presence of C. albicans, S. gordonii, A. viscosus, and L. acidophilus than alone after 4 days, and both showed significant
Discussion
The pathogenic bacteria of root-filled canals with apical periodontitis are frequently restricted to a few gram-positive bacteria, but persistent infection is often caused by polymicrobial action. Although E. faecalis was frequently found in root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis, the strains were not isolated as a monoinfection in most cases 21, 22. Therefore, we explored the dual-species model of E. faecalis and the other 4 common species found in root-filled canals. To quantify either
Acknowledgments
Yan Gao and Xiaoqiong Jiang contributed equally to this work.
We are grateful to Elsevier Language Editing Services for professionally editing this article.
Supported by grants from the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (no. 2014A030313026).
The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.
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