After 60 years of EDM the discharge process remains still disputed
Section snippets
Ignition of electrical discharges
Sixty years passed since Lazarenko [1] proposed 1943 to invert the effect of metal removal from electric circuit breakers and maximise it for metal machining purposes. In the early years of development and while searching for applications relaxation-type generators (charging condensers to store and define discharge energy) were used. The pause between discharges was very long and ignition from ionisation effects in the gap through high field strength between the electrodes was assumed by
Theory on practical EDM
After 50 years of meanwhile important application of EDM as production technology, the description of the enrolment of the process in the small gap by different authors has not yet found a uniform interpretation. This paper therefor tries to create a new consensus base.
The importance of gap measurements
The common record in literature and in user instructions of equipment is that servo systems are used to set the gap width during EDMing. “Set parameter” in former times was the “voltage-average” over the gap and in more advanced systems also the gain of the signal amplifier. Digitised systems of today basically operate identical while only referring to intricate measurements of more elementary discharge parameters. Barz with his research [13] has shown that the process efficiency and stability
Conclusions
Ionisation of the space between the electrodes or ion emission under high field strength in the gap cannot successfully be used to explain ignition of discharges in EDM applications for practical machining purposes.
The different influences of the selected machining parameters (on-time, duty-cycle, peak current, ignition-voltage, servo and flushing) compared with the resulting gap width and measurable stock removal and wear rates suggest the begin of discharge by evaporation of miniature
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