Chemical composition, antioxidant and gastrointestinal properties of Sedum dendroideum Moc & Sessé ex DC leaves tea infusion
Graphical abstract
Introduction
Sedum dendroideum Moc. & Sessé ex DC. (Crassulaceae) is a perennial and succulent plant widely used ornamentally. Originally from South Africa, this medicinal genus is used in Mexican culture for treatment of diabetes (Andrade-Cetto and Heinrich, 2005), eye inflammation and as contraceptive agent (Silva-Torres et al., 2003). In Brazil is commonly referred to as “bálsamo”, and where is popularly used as juice or infusion prepared by soaking the leaves in hot water for the treatment of gastric ulcers (Carlini et al., 1970, Rosas-Piñón et al., 2012).
Many bioactivities of different extracts and compounds isolated from Sedum dendroideum have been researched. With an incontestable pharmacological effect, previous studies showed that the Sedum dendroideum leaf juice exhibited antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities (De Melo et al., 2005). Moreover, isolated glycosides like kaempferol and kaempferitin promoted antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in acetic acid-induced writhing and hypoglycemic activity streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice (De Melo et al., 2009, Da Silva et al., 2014). The hydroethanolic extract of Sedum dendroideum, containing flavonoids, phenols, and tannins also showed gastroprotective action in rats (Carrasco et al., 2014). However, instead of consume alcoholic extracts with therapeutic purposes, a better insight into the gastroprotection promoted by Sedum dendroideum infusion (SDI) could harmonize and validate its popular use for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
The adequate gastric function is essential for digestion and absorption of nutrients. However, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract as peptic ulcers are common, causing discomfort and abdominal pain. Peptic ulcers occurs due to exposition to acid and pepsin associated with the decrease of protective mechanisms of the mucosa, such impairment of mucus layer, antioxidant system and blood flux, which together to lifestyle habits, contributes to the gastric ulcer formation (Yandrapu and Sarosiek, 2015).
Considering the absence of valid ethnopharmacological studies of Sedum dendroideum, the aim of the present study was to characterize the chemical constituents and evaluate the antioxidant, antiulcer and prokinetic effects of an infusion prepared with leaves of Sedum dendroideum (SDI).
Section snippets
Botanical material and infusion preparation
Sedum dendroideum were harvested in Campina Grande do Sul (25°19'05.3" S; 49°02'32.3" W, at 921 m above mean sea level), State of Parana (PR), South of Brazil. Dr. José Tadeu Weidlich Motta, plant taxonomist and curator of Municipal Botanical Museum (MBM) of Curitiba, PR, Brazil, identified the botanical material and a representative voucher specimen was deposited at the MBM herbarium (MBM-272917).
The infusion was prepared as previously published (de Oliveira et al., 2018). Briefly, 1.25 kg of
Phytochemical investigation
In previous investigation (De Melo et al., 2005, De Melo et al., 2009, Da Silva et al., 2014), some flavonol glycosides from Sedum dendroideum were identified, containing mainly kaempferol as aglycone. De Melo et al. (2009) founded the kaempferol attached mainly by rhamnose (Rha), with glucose (Glc) at lower abundance, linked in the positions 3 and/or 7.
In our current analysis, using LC-MS in the negative ionization to produce deprotonated ions [M-H]-, we have found different flavonol
Conclusion
Collectively, our results show that Sedum dendroideum tea infusion prepared in accordance to the ethnopharmacological use contains several phenolic components with antioxidant properties, specially flavonols as quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol, and their glycosides, all concentrated following aqueous hot extraction. The phytochemical compounds found in SDI promotes gastroprotection against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcers, through the reinforce of mucosal integrity, represented by
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants from the Fundação Araucária, Brazil (call 311/2014). Da Luz,B.B., Dallazen, J.L., Maria-Ferreira were recipient of a CAPES, Brazil (Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) scholarship.
Declarations of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author contributions
M.F. Werner, B.B. da Luz and D. Maria-Ferreira conceived and designed the study. T.R. Cipriani, L.M. de Souza and A.F. Oliveira carried out the infuse preparation and the phytochemical investigation. B.B. da Luz, D. Maria-Ferreira and J.L. Dallazen performed the experiments and data analysis. M.F. Werner and B.B. da Luz wrote and reviewed the manuscript.
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