Green leaf volatiles enhance methyl jasmonate response in Arabidopsis
Section snippets
Plant growth conditions
Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Colombia (Col-0) was used for all experiments. The plant seeds were surface-sterilized, placed on petri dishes (60 seeds/dish) containing half-strength Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium adjusted to pH 5.8 and supplemented with 1.5% sucrose and 0.7% agar, and vernalized for 2 days at 4°C. After that, they were transferred to a growth chamber and grown at 23°C with fluorescent light (70–80 μmol m−2 s−1, 16 h light/8 h dark); 7-day-old seedlings were transferred into 100-ml
Effect of GLV pretreatment on anthocyanin content following MeJA treatment
In order to investigate a possible priming effect of GLVs on the MeJA response, we first selected two GLVs, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol, respectively known to induce defense-related genes in Arabidopsis and maize 18, 19. Since many plant species treated with MeJA produce secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins, which are biosynthesized from the flavonoid pathway (24), the anthocyanin content was measured as an index of MeJA response.
Pretreatment with GLVs was followed by MeJA treatment 7
Discussion
Plants immediately emit a variety of C6 and C9 GLVs when they are attacked by insects and pathogens 7, 9. It was reported previously that the levels of endogenous JA and emitted terpenes after treatment with an elicitor, a caterpillar regurgitant, were significantly increased by pretreatment with GLVs in maize (17). Similar results were reported for Arabidopsis pretreated with aldehyde GLVs, which showed a highly resistant response to Botrytis cinerea in an inoculation experiment (18).
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Nobuhiro Ikezawa (Osaka University, Osaka, Japan) and Ery Odette Fukushima (Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan) for their useful comments on reading the manuscript.
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