cDNA microarray analysis of autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and consecutive disease manifestation
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Patients and tissue samples
Liver biopsies were obtained from 9 patients with normal liver, 8 with AIH, 9 with PBC, 8 with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 8 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), all of whom had been admitted to Kanazawa University Hospital between 1997 and 2002 (Table 1). Biopsy samples were immediately frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until use.
Tissue samples were assessed histologically by standard methods [11], [12] (Table 2). AIH was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International
Hierarchical clustering of AIH and PBC patients
To compare the expression profiles in AIH and PBC, we performed hierarchical clustering of all 1080 genes in liver biopsies of 8 AIH and 9 PBC patients, all of whom had been selected because they did not have advanced liver disease (Table 1). The patients were clustered into two groups, one for AIH and the other for PBC, with a few exceptions (Fig. 1a, p < 0.05). Interestingly, 1 of the AIH patients was clustered into the PBC group, while 2 PBC patients were clustered into the AIH group.
Gene expression differentiating AIH from PBC
We
Discussion
Despite extensive cytokine profiling of the liver, the pathogenesis of AIH and PBC has not been completely elucidated. Moreover, diagnosis of these diseases is sometimes difficult, since some patients present with features of both. We have applied cDNA microarray analysis to patients with AIH and PBC to determine the expression profiling of these diseases.
Hierarchical clustering of all 1080 analyzed genes demonstrated differences in gene expression patterns between AIH and PBC (Fig. 1a, p <
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