Elsevier

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Volume 760, 5 September 2018, Pages 78-83
Journal of Alloys and Compounds

3D printing well organized porous iron-nickel/polyaniline nanocages multiscale supercapacitor

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.05.165Get rights and content

Highlights

  • 3D printing technology is used to fabricate porous supercapacitor.

  • The supercapacitor has multiscale porous structure.

  • PANI nanocages are used for the faradaic pseudocapacitance enhancement.

Abstract

3D printing is a fast-emerging technology, and a shape is fabricated using layer-by-layer deposition of a material in a bottom-up manufacturing operation. Here a porous nickel/polyaniline nanocages multiscale supercapacitor synthesized using 3D printing technology is fabricated. The porous structure of iron-nickel and polyaniline nanocages can increase the specific surface area which lead to enhance the specific capacitance. 3D printing technology is presented in energy devices to accurately fabricate the delicate structure.

Introduction

3D printing is a fast-emerging technology, and a shape is fabricated using layer-by-layer deposition of a material in a bottom-up manufacturing operation. It has drawn much attention from industry to academia for the fabrication of 3D parts with complex geometrical features that are difficult to manufacture using traditional machining techniques and for the development of advanced materials, architectures, and systems for a broad range of applications, such as energy [1,2], biotechnology [[3], [4], [5]], electronics [6,7], and engineered composites [[8], [9], [10], [11], [12]], geometrical features include turbine wheels [13] and porous honeycomb structures for particulate filters in the exhaust of automobile engines [14]. In recent years, porous structure has been achieved using 3D printing technique, the pore size is greater than 440 μm, the porosity is more than 50% and the porous structure is of enough strength [3,[15], [16], [17]]. Specially, Sun [18] fabricated the interdigitated electrodes with 3D printing technique for a Li-ion micro battery. To the best of our knowledge, the most porous structure of electrode architectures was fabricated by traditional preparation techniques. Due to the manufacturing progress cannot be controlled, so the pore of prepared porous structure is not uniform and the traditional technologies cannot achieve the manufacturing of particular porous structure. In addition, the more pores of electrode architectures, the more electrode material storage, the more the battery storage capacity. The porosity distribution and pore size has a big effect on battery performance [19]. Fortunately, the 3D printing progress is completely free and controllable, so designing a particular porous structure of battery electrodes can be easily performed by 3D printer according to the application and the loaded electrode material of electrode architectures which plays better performance than traditional porous structure. This work performs a well-organized porous nickel/polyaniline nanocages multiscale supercapacitor.

Section snippets

Fabricating 3D porous structures

Fig. 1 illustrates a process of fabricating Fe-Ni alloy porous structures. This process is performed by powder-bed technologies, such as Select Laser Melting (SLM). It consists of the following steps: (1) A new layer of powders, around 30–60 μm thickness, is spread over the building platform with the levelling blade. (2) A high-energy and focused laser melts the region of powder that belongs to the current cross section of the part. The laser moves according to a predefined scanning strategy.

Results and discussion

Fig. 4 is SEM and XRD images of ordered porous Fe-Ni and PANI nanocages. Fig. 4(a) shows the organized porous Ni structure in the low magnification SEM. The pore size fluctuates within 150–200 μm. The ordered porous structure of Fe-Ni can strongly improve the capacitance through electric double layer effect. Fig. 4(b) presents the status of PANI depositing on the surface of porous architecture. The Porous PANI structure can enhance the performance of supercapacitor by both electric double layer

Conclusions

Here a 3D printing well organized porous Ni/polyaniline nanocages multiscale supercapacitor is fabricated. The porous structure of nickel and polyaniline nanocages can increase the specific surface area and hereby increase the specific capacitance. 3D printing technology is presented in our work to accurately fabricate the delicate structure. The curve shows a good cycle. Fig. 6 (b) is the CV curves of PANI with different scanning rates (5 mV/s, 10 mV/s, 50 mV/s, 100 mV/s, 200 mV/s, and

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51672221 and 51323008 and 51475380), China Aeronautical Science Fund (Nos. 2014ZF53074), the Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Nos. 2013K09-03), the National Key Technologies R & D Program (Nos. 2016YFB1100100).

References (19)

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T.K. Zhao, X.L. Ji and X.F. Lu contribute equally to this work.

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