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Long-term efficacy of bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma
Endoscopic bronchial thermoplasty (BT) decreases severe exacerbations and improves quality of life in patients with asthma by decreasing airway smooth muscle mass. Previous randomized controlled trials have followed patients treated with BT for up to 5 years and demonstrated that the efficacy of BT was sustained throughout the 5-year follow-up period. In order to build on those results and better understand the duration of its efficacy, Chaudhuri et al (Lancet Respir Med 2021 Jan 29; //doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30408-2
Eosinophils protect liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury
Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury during liver transplantation can cause dysfunction of the graft. Wang et al (Sci Transl Med 2021 Feb 3;13:eabb6576; https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6576) serendipitously identified that rapid accumulation of eosinophils occurs in human liver grafts after transplantation when none are present in healthy liver tissues prior to transplantation. In experimental murine models involving hepatic ischemia and reperfusion, genetic or antibody-mediated
Bacterial sublingual immunotherapy prevents recurrent wheezing
Recurrent wheezing in infants and preschool children is a significant concern, not only because they induce huge direct and indirect costs, but also because those patients have an increased risk of subsequently developing asthma. More than 90% of those wheezing episodes are triggered by viral respiratory infections. Nieto et al (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021 Mar 11; https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0520oc) performed a Phase 3 randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of sublingual
Novel oral TRPA1 inhibitor shows promise in asthma
There is growing evidence implicating transient receptor potential cation channel member A1 (TRPA1) agonists in the pathoetiology of asthma. Balestrini et al (J Exp Med 2021 Apr 5; https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201637) discovered a highly potent and selective oral TRPA1 antagonist, GDC-0334. GDC-0334 inhibited TRPA1 activity on both airway smooth muscle and sensory neurons and decreased experimental allergic airway inflammation in multiple species. A Phase 1 healthy human subjects trial
Prophylactic neutralizing antibodies in cat allergy
Sensitization to cat allergens predisposes to developing persistent allergic rhinitis and asthma. Shamji et al (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021 Mar 2; https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202011-4107oc) tested the effect of a single prophylactic subcutaneous dose of a combination of 2 IgG4 mAbs (REGN1908-1909) directed against the major causative cat allergen, Fel d 1, in cat-allergic subjects in a Phase 1b study. Administration of REGN1908-1909 decreased both nasal symptoms and early- and late-phase
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