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Effects of Direct Oral Anticoagulants at the Peak Phase, Trough Phase, and After Vascular Injury

Please note: This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (17H04172, 25870127); a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (26115008); a Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (15K15306) of Japan; and grants from the Takeda Medical Research Foundation, the Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology, the Takeda Science Foundation, the SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation, the Terumo Foundation, the Manpei Suzuki Diabetes Foundation, the Naito Foundation, and the NOVARITIS foundation (to Dr. Minamino), as well as by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (15K09068) from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (to Dr. Izumi). All the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Dr. Minamino has received lecture fees from Amgen Astellas BioPharma, Sanofi, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Merck Sharp and Dohme K.K., Bayer Yakuhin, Daiichi-Sankyo, and Takeda Pharmaceutical; and research funds from Boehringer Ingelheim, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Astellas Pharma, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer Japan, Bayer Yakuhin, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis Pharma, and AstraZeneca. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.