VITO-2, a new SID domain protein, is expressed in the myogenic lineage during early mouse embryonic development

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Abstract

MCAT elements and its cognate binding partners, the transcription enhancer factors (TEFs) play important roles in the regulation of expression of several muscle-specific genes. The biological effects of TEFs strongly depend on different co-factors, which might act as co-activators or anti-repressors to enable transcriptional activation of target genes by TEFs. Previously, we have cloned and characterized VITO-1, which acts as a skeletal muscle-specific transcriptional co-activator of TEFs. Here we describe the cloning and expression profile of a related gene, VITO-2 (also termed Vgl-3), which shares a high homology with VITO-1 in the SID domain responsible for interaction with TEFs. During early embryonic and fetal development VITO-2 is mainly expressed in the myogenic lineage with an onset of expression in the myotomes of somites VI at E9.5 slightly later than VITO-1. At later developmental stages VITO-2 is predominantly found in the nervous system. In adult mice VITO-2 was detected in different tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, liver and brain, where it was found in cortical and cerebellar neurons as well as in Purkinje cells. The expression of VITO-2 in the mesoderm was repressed by the notch/delta pathway and activated by Myf-5 since Dll-1 mutant showed an aberrant expression of VITO-2 but not VITO-1 in the tail bud and in the caudal neural tube at E10.5 while Myf-5 mutant mice lack expression of VITO-1 and VITO-2 in somites until E10.5.

Section snippets

VITO-2 is a new member of the SID containing-family of proteins

Transcriptional control of expression of skeletal muscle-specific genes is mediated by different cis-acting elements, which bind different classes of transcription factors. Certain groups of DNA binding proteins such as the MyoD family of transcription factors (Braun et al., 1992a, Braun et al., 1990, Weintraub et al., 1991) that activate muscle-specific genes show an exclusive or preferential expression in skeletal muscle cells. Alternatively, some transcription factors that control muscles

Plasmids

Selected EST clones were ordered from RZPD Deutsches Ressourcenzentrum für Genomforschung GmbH. In addition, VITO-2 was amplified by RT-PCR using the primers FOR- ATGAGTTGTGCGGAGGTGATG and REV- GTACCAAGTTGATTCTTTGCTC and RNA isolated from embryos at E11.5 and cloned into the TOPO 2.1 vector (Invitrogen) followed by sequencing with ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer sequencer (Perkin Elmer).

RT-PCR

For RT-PCR, the total RNA was extracted with the Trizol™ reagent according to manufacturer’s protocol (Invitrogen).

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Prof. Achim Gossler (Medical University, Hannover, Germany) for the grateful gift of Dll-1 mutant embryos. We thank Marion Wiesnet for supplying isolated adult cardiomyocytes, Dr. Sawa Kostin for help with histological analysis and Sonja Krueger for help with in situ hybridizations. This work was supported by the Max-Planck-Society, the EU Commisson (MYORES network of excellence), and the Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System. The authors declare that they have

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    Current address: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Medicine, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.

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    Current address: Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.

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