Overview of Large-Scale Underground Energy Storage Technologies for Integration of Renewable Energies and Criteria for Reservoir Identification
Section snippets
INTRODUCTION
In order to mitigate climate change effects, the Paris Agreement target for the year of 2050 has a requirement for a net zero emission energy system [1]. The European Union has also defined the 2030 Climate Change and Energy strategy, which sets as targets a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990, an increase of 27% of renewable energy usage and an improvement of 27% in energy efficiency [2].
Energy policies are aligned with the same purposes and they are promoting
PROSPECTS AND NEED FOR LARGE-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE
The growth of distributed generation in general and the increasing deployment of variable/intermittent renewable electricity generation technologies in the electricity system in particular, is changing the way electricity systems have to be operated and managed in the future [9].
Besides the centralized utilities (large-scale generation, transmission and distribution networks), nowadays there are also, decentralized or distributed energy resources.
Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) is a
UNDERGROUND ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
Long-term storage of fluids in underground formations has routinely been conducted by the hydrocarbon industry for several decades, with low quality formation water produced with oil being reinjected in saline formations to minimise environmental impacts, or in acid-gas injection techniques to reduce the H2S and CO2 stripping from natural gas. Besides that, underground energy storage technologies try to replicate the process of storage of hydrocarbons in nature, with minimal impact to
SITE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS
There has been a considerable amount of work done in characterizing the underground formations that are suitable as reservoirs for several energy related activities. Hydrocarbon production is an invaluable source of information for depleted fields, but conventional underground natural gas storage, geothermal energy production, geological storage of CO2 and nuclear waste disposal, have also produced a vast range of data and experience for the site selection process, and for assessing the
DISCUSSION
The storage technologies are currently at different stages of development and present a wide range of Technology Readiness Level (TRL), from mature technologies with wide implementation, to just conceptual designs (Table 5).
Thus, as seen at Table 5, the technology with a higher TRL is UGS, being the most mature technology which is widely implemented in many locations around the world, such as Europe, USA or Canada, using salt caverns, aquifers and traps and depleted hydrocarbon fields as
CONCLUSIONS
This research was done under the scope of the Portuguese participation in the ESTMAP – Energy Storage Mapping and Planning project, and presents a review of several underground energy storage technologies for renewable energies integration and of specific criteria for selection of geological reservoirs.
The current state of development and implementation of Underground Gas Storage, Underground Hydrogen Storage, Compressed Air Energy Storage, Underground Pumped Hydro Storage and Underground
Acknowledgements
The author Catarina R. Matos acknowledges the funding provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the research grant SFRH/BD/117722/2016.
The authors Catarina R. Matos and Júlio F. Carneiro would like to acknowledge that this work has been partially supported by the Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), under contract with FCT (the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation).
The author Patrícia P. Silva would like to acknowledge that this work has been partially
References (93)
- et al.
Energy storage systems supporting increased penetration of renewables in islanded systems
Energy
(2014) - et al.
Energy storage technologies and real life applications – A state of the art review
Applied Energy
(2016) - et al.
Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review
Renewable Energy
(2016) - et al.
Economic perspectives of Power-to-Gas technologies in bio-methane production
Journal of CO₂ Utilization
(2017) - et al.
Power-to-Methane: A state-of-the-art review
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
(2018) Large-scale hydrogen energy storage in salt caverns
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
(2012)- et al.
A review on compressed air energy storage: Basic principles, past milestones and recent developments
Applied Energy
(2016) - et al.
A review on compressed air energy storage – A pathway for smart grid and polygeneration
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
(2016) - et al.
Assessment of geological resource potential for compressed air energy storage in global electricity supply
Energy conversion and management
(2018) - et al.
Underground pumped storage hydropower plants using open pit mines: How do groundwater exchanges influence the efficiency?
Applied Energy
(2017)
State of the art of thermal storage for demand-side management
Applied Energy
Impact of energy storage in buildings on electricity demand side management
Energy Conversion and Management
Review of Development From GSHP to UTES in China and Other Countries
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
A review on borehole seasonal solar thermal energy storage
Energy Procedia
Adoption of the Paris Agreement – Proposal by the President
2030 framework for climate and energy policies
Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storages, State of the Art Report. Vol. 1, Main Report, International Energy Agency Demand-Side Management Programme
Key World Energy Statistics
Internet website of Energy Storage Association
Energy Geo-Storage − Analysis and Geomechanical Implications
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. Vol
Facilitating energy storage to allow high penetration of intermittent renewable energy, Report summarizing the current Status, Role and Costs of Energy Storage Technologies
Energy Storage: A Key for Decentralised Power, Power Quality and Clean Transport
The Future Role and Challenges of Energy Storage
Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Energy Sources Integration in Microgrids: A Review. International Power Electronics Conference, 2010 Conference Proceedings
Large Energy Storage Systems Handbook
Electrical Energy Storage - White Paper
European Energy Storage Technology Development Roadmap towards 2030. European Association for Energy Storage and European Energy Research Alliance
ESTMAP Technical Support Document: Subsurface Data Specification. TNO, BRGM, ECOFYS, VITO, EC Project no.: ENER/C2/2014-640/S12.698827
Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options, a White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits
ESTMAP- Energy Storage Mapping and Planning. TNO, BRGM, ECOFYS, VITO, EC Project no.: ENER/C2/2014-640/S12.698827
Combined Heat and Power Basics. Internet website of Energy.Gov, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
The Global Status of CCS - 2016 - Summary Report
Renewable energy storage in geological formations
Proc Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy
Storage of Natural Gas
An appraisal of underground gas storage technologies and incidents, for the development of risk assessment methodology
RR605 Research Report, Prepared by the British Geological Survey for the Health and Safety Executive
Potencial de Armazenamento Subterrâneo em Cavidades Salinas de Gás Natural em Portugal. Master Thesis
Potencial de Armazenamento Subterrâneo de Gás Natural do Território Nacional. Rel/LC/AP/1/2009
Underground Storage, Factsheet of Mineral Planning. British Geological Survey
Natural Gas Background
Power-to-Gas Energy Storage is booming
Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure: status 2012
Energy Environ. Sci.
Power-to-Gas – Chemical storage of excess power
Large-scale electricity storage utilizing reversible solid oxide cells combined with underground storage of CO2 and CH4
Energy & Environmental Science
Power to Gas: Storage of electricity from wind power plants and photovoltaic power plants in the natural gas infrastructure. Contribution to the Facts about Energy
The Value of Underground Storage in Today's Natural Gas Industry. Energy Information Administration report DOE/EIA-0591(95)
Cited by (256)
Short-term multi-objective optimal scheduling of the integrated power grid-abandoned coal mine energy system
2024, Results in EngineeringExploring hydrogen geologic storage in China for future energy: Opportunities and challenges
2024, Renewable and Sustainable Energy ReviewsDynamic feedback-based active equalization control method for state of charge of battery energy storage in the power grid
2024, Electric Power Systems ResearchIntegrated optimization of layout, station type and parameter design in ground pipeline network of hydrogen storage
2024, International Journal of Hydrogen EnergyEqualizing multi-temporal scale adequacy for low carbon power systems by co-planning short-term and seasonal energy storage
2024, Journal of Energy Storage