Elsevier

Cytokine: X

Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2020, 100023
Cytokine: X

IFN-γ and CIITA modulate IL-6 expression in skeletal muscle

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100023Get rights and content
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Abstract

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a secreted cytokine that is an important mediator of the immune response in numerous tissues, including skeletal muscle. IL-6 is considered a myokine as it can be secreted by muscle. IL-6 is secreted following exercise, where it exerts both pro-myogenic effects as well as anti-myogenic effects such as promoting atrophy and muscle wasting. The regulation of IL-6 in skeletal muscle is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if IFN-γ and TNF-ɑ stimulate IL-6 in skeletal muscle. We found that both IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulate IL-6 in skeletal muscle, but the stimulation is not cooperative as seen in monocytes. We have previously shown that the IFN-γ stimulated class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA) mediates many of the effects of IFN-γ in skeletal muscle and we show here that CIITA directly stimulates IL-6. The regulation of IL-6 by CIITA is clearly complex, as we found that CIITA both stimulates and restrains IL-6 expression. To show that these effects could be observed in a physiological setting, mice were treated with IFN-γ and we found that both CIITA and IL-6 were upregulated in skeletal muscle.

Keywords

IFN-γ
TNF-ɑ
IL-6
CIITA
Skeletal muscle

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