Elsevier

Computer Communications

Volume 29, Issue 8, 15 May 2006, Pages 1226-1240
Computer Communications

SIP-based MIP6-MANET: Design and implementation of mobile IPv6 and SIP-based mobile ad hoc networks*,†

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2005.08.015Get rights and content

Abstract

In this paper, we designed and implemented an integrated wireless system, namely a SIP-based MIP6-MANET system. This SIP-based MIP6-MANET system is an integration and implementation of Mobile IPv6 and SIP-based mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). To support mobile multimedia services, this work is the first result to combine session initiation protocol (SIP) into the integrated MIP6-MANET system. Our actual system implementation was built on the Linux OS (2.4.22 Kernel), the Orinoco IEEE 802.11b wireless card, and MIPL (mobile IPv6 for Linux), where the router advertisement and solicitation and binding update packets were adaptively modified and redefined to achieve the real implementation of the SIP-based MIP6-MANET integrated system. Our SIP-based MIP6-MANET system utilizes the IPv6 stateless address auto-configuration (SAA) mechanism to automatically get a care-of-address (CoA) without CoA address management from the IPv4-based DHCP server. The SIP-based MIP6-MANET system supports the IP mobility mechanism which maintains a session connection when a mobile host roams from one MANET subnet to another. The key contributions of the SIP-based MIP6-MANET system are stated as follows: (1) This system provides an efficient handoff mechanism to reduce the handoff time when a mobile node (MN) roams between different MANETs; (2) Our system can efficiently reduce the triangle routing delay when an MN roams to a foreign MANET; (3) It obviously improves the throughput and arrival rate between an MN and a corresponding node; (4) The response time of our system is decreased when an MN roams to a foreign MANET. Performance analysis also illustrated the performance, which showed that the integrated system is more efficient in terms of handoff probability, triangle routing delay, throughput, and response time than traditional MIPv4-based wireless infrastructure systems.

Introduction

Over the past few years, wireless communications and mobile computing have attracted much attention due to their portability. Wireless communication devices have become standard features in most portable computing devices, such as IEEE 802.11 WLAN cards, bluetooth, PHS/GPRS phone cards, and PDAs. In the near future, people will be able to carry computers while traveling and access interest information through a wireless Internet. Mobility has added a new and important dimension to the area of mobile computing and communications.

Recently, many important wireless communication techniques have successfully been investigated, such as IEEE 802.11x [1], Bluetooth [9], GSM/GPRS/3G/Beyond 3G/4G [6], Mobile IP [7], [16], [18], IPv6 [8], [11], MANETs (mobile ad hoc networks) [10], [12], [13], [17], [19], WSNETs (wireless sensor networks) [8], [9], and so on. A MANET [26] is a collection of mobile nodes (MNs) which can dynamically and quickly form a wireless network anytime and anywhere without the need of a preexisting wireless network infrastructure. A MANET system [26] has self-configuration and self-maintenance capabilities. One key difference of MANETs with infrastructure wireless networks is that MANETs allow the multi-hop routing protocol. This allows mobile hosts in MANETs to have longer transmission ranges than mobile hosts in a wireless LAN. In addition, Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) [11] has recently been proposed as overcoming shortcomings of MIPv4 by offering a huge address space, route optimization, and a high-security mechanism. The advantage of using MIPv6 is described as follows. First, MIP6 supports the IP mobility mechanism which maintains a session connection between MNs. Compared to MIPv4, MIP6 utilizes the IPv6 stateless address auto-configuration (SAA) mechanism to automatically get a care-of-address (CoA) without CoA address management from an IPv4-based DHCP server. Furthermore, a direct notification mechanism, called binding update, is used in MIPv6 to route packets to the MN's new location. This work achieves route optimization. Efforts were made in this paper to build an integrated system for integrating Mobile IPv6 with MANET to produce a MIP6-MANET system.

To support multimedia communications, the session initiation protocol (SIP) [21] was considered for integration into our MIP6-MANET system. The SIP defined in IETF [21] has been proposed to be the core protocol for multimedia communications in the next generation of wired/wireless networks. The SIP is simpler than existing session initiation protocols, for instance the H.323 protocol. The SIP, like HTTP and SMTP, is a text-based protocol, which is very compatible with Internet-family protocols. The SIP is also an extensible protocol with highly scalability. The SIP is a transport protocol which can be implemented on small-sized mobile devices. It is very attractive to many developers of mobile applications. Consequently, a SIP-based MIP6-MANET system was developed and implemented in this work.

Existing integrated results have widely and recently been investigated [3], [4], [14], [22], [25], [27], [28]. Tseng et al. [25] gave integration and implementation experiences for the Mobile IP (IPv4) and mobile ad hoc networks. Salkintzis et al. [22] proposed WLAN-GPRS integration for next-generation mobile networks. Chakravorty et al. [3] proposed inter-network mobility with Mobile IPv6 and a GPRS-based network. Kim et al. [14] proposed a new mechanism for SIP with Mobile IPv6. Wu et al. [28] recently proposed a survey of Mobile IP in cellular and mobile ad-hoc networks. Chao et al. [4] proposed an architecture and communication protocol for IPv6 packet-based pico-cellular networks. Wu et al. [27] proposed an integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying system, the iCAR system [27].

In this paper, we have designed and implemented an integrated wireless system, namely a SIP-based MIP6-MANET system. This SIP-based MIP6-MANET system represents integration and implementation of Mobile IPv6 and SIP-based MANETs. To support multimedia communication, our work combines SIP messages into our integrated MIP6-MANET system. Our actual system implementation was built on the Linux OS (2.4.22 Kernel), an Orinoco IEEE 802.11b wireless card, and MIPL (Mobile IPv6 for Linux), where the router advertisement and solicitation and binding update packets were redefined to achieve implementation of the SIP-based MIP-MANET integrated system. Our SIP-based MIP6-MANET system utilizes the IPv6 SAA mechanism to automatically get a CoA without CoA address management from the IPv4-based DHCP server. The SIP-based MIP6-MANET system supports the IP mobility mechanism's ability to maintain a session connection when a mobile host roams from one MANET subnet to another. The key contributions of the SIP-based MIP6-MANET system are stated as follows. (1) This system provides an efficient handoff mechanism to reduce the cumulative handoff jitter when a mobile node (MN) roams between different MANETs. (2) Our system efficiently reduces the triangle routing latency when an MN roams to a foreign MANET. (3) It obviously improves the throughput and completion rate between an MN and a corresponding node. (4) The response time of our system decreases when an MN roams to a foreign MANET. Performance analysis also illustrated that the proposed mechanism is more efficient in terms of cumulative handoff jitter, triangle routing latency, completion rate, throughput, and response time than existing wireless LAN systems with MIPv4.

The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews MANETs, Mobile IPv6, and the SIP. Section 3 introduces the SIP-based MIP6-MANET architecture. In Section 4, implementation of the SIP-based MIP6-MANET system is presented. Section 5 discusses the performance analysis. Section 6 discusses future work and conclusions.

Section snippets

Preliminary

This section separately reviews research results of MANETs, mobile IPv6, and the session initiation protocol (SIP). The motivation for designing the integrated system is described, and the important contributions of the SIP-based MIP6-MANET system are finally discussed.

The SIP-based MIP6-MANET architecture

This section presents the integrated system architecture and then defines modified packets used in our SIP-based MIP6-MANET system.

The SIP-based MIP6-MANET system

This section presents the detailed implementation of the SIP-based MIP-6 MANET system. The first part discusses implementation of the native IPv6 DS DV routing protocol within a MANET. The second part describes implementation of mobility management when an MN roams from a home MANET to a foreign MANET or from a foreign MANET back to the original home MANET through the native IPv6 backbone network [2]. To easily explain the operation of the SIP-based MIP6-MANET system, let XforwardY indicate

Performance analysis

To make a fair comparison, we actually had to implement four kinds of wireless network models to evaluate the system performance of the SIP-based MIP6-MANET system. A sniffer was developed to acquire the performance analysis data from these four wireless network models. As shown in Fig. 11, the four wireless network models are defined as follows.

  • (1)

    Mobile IPv4-based WLAN System (WLAN-4): This wireless system is connected by many distinct WLANs through a native IPv4 backbone network, for which

Conclusions

In this paper, we have designed and implemented an integrated wireless system, namely a SIP-based MIP6-MANET system. This SIP-based MIP6-MANET system is an integration and implementation of Mobile IPv6 and SIP-based Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). To support the multimedia communication, our work combined session initiation protocol (SIP) messages into our integrated MIP6-MANET system. Performance analysis illustrated the performance, which showed that the proposed mechanisms is more efficient

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    A preliminary version of this paper receipts excellent paper award of the 10th Mobile Computing Workshop, Taiwan, ROC, 2004. This work was supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under grant nos. NSC-91-2213-E-194 -041 and Taiwan NICI IPv6 Steering Committee, R&D Division under contract number R-0300.

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